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===Possible Frankish origins=== Historian Pieter Spierenburg mentions a reference in sixth-century author [[Gregory of Tours]] as a possible origin for the punishment of breaking someone on the wheel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pieter Spierenburg |url=http://www.norberteliasfoundation.nl/network/profile.php?profId=3 |website=Norbert Elias Foundation}}</ref> In Gregory's time, a criminal could be placed in a deep track, and then a heavily laden wagon was driven over him. Thus, the latter practice could be seen as a symbolic re-enactment of the previous penalty in which people were literally driven over by a wagon.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Spierenburg |first=Pieter C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxQ-AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA71 |title=The Spectacle of Suffering: Executions and the Evolution of Repression : from a Preindustrial Metropolis to the European Experience |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1984 |isbn=9780521261869 |location=Cambridge |pages=71}}</ref>
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