Editing Boston University (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Marsh Chapel.jpg|thumb|Marsh Plaza and its surrounding buildings, one of the first completed sections of the Charles River campus]]
[[File:Type 4 streetcar inbound at Granby Street, circa 1940s.jpg|thumb|Commonwealth Avenue in the 1930s]]
[[File:Boston University (8609103615).jpg|thumb|[[Josep Lluís Sert]]'s buildings expanded the campus in the 1960s]]
Seeking to unify a geographically scattered school and enable it to participate in the development of the city, school president Lemuel Murlin arranged that the school buy the present campus along the [[Charles River]]. Between 1920 and 1928, the school bought the {{cvt|15|acre|m2}} of land that had been reclaimed from the river by the Riverfront Improvement Association. Plans for a riverside quadrangle with a [[Alexander Graham Bell tower|Gothic Revival administrative tower]] modeled on the [[St Botolph's Church, Boston|"Old Boston Stump"]] in [[Boston, Lincolnshire|Boston]], England were scaled back in the late 1920s when the State Metropolitan District Commission used [[eminent domain]] to seize riverfront land for [[Storrow Drive]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Between World Wars |url=http://www.bu.edu/visit/about/history/betweenwars.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212022404/http://www.bu.edu/visit/about/history/betweenwars.html |archive-date=December 12, 2007 |access-date=April 28, 2008 |publisher=Boston University}}</ref> Murlin was never able to build the new campus, but his successor, [[Daniel L. Marsh]], led a series of fundraising campaigns (interrupted by both the [[Great Depression]] and [[World War II]]) that helped Marsh to achieve his dream and to gradually fill in the university's new campus.<ref>Healea, Christopher Daryl, "The Builder and Maker of the Greater University: A History of Daniel L. Marsh's Presidency at Boston University, 1926–1951" (Boston University, 2011). Order No. DA3463124.</ref> By spring 1936, the student body included 10,384 men and women.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/12/archives/10384-are-enrolled-at-bu.html "10.384 are enrolled at B.U.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174916/https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/12/archives/10384-are-enrolled-at-bu.html |date=August 30, 2018}}, ''The New York Times''. April 12, 1936. p. N7.</ref>

In 1951, [[Harold C. Case]] became the school's fifth president and under his direction the character of the campus changed significantly, as he sought to change the school into a national research university. The campus tripled in size to {{cvt|45|acre|m2}}, and added 68 new buildings before Case retired in 1967. The first large dorms, Claflin, Rich and Sleeper Halls in [[Boston University West Campus|West Campus]] were built, and in 1965 construction began on 700 [[Commonwealth Avenue (Boston)|Commonwealth Avenue]], later named [[Warren Towers]], designed to house 1800 students. Between 1961 and 1966, the [[Boston University School of Law|BU Law Tower]], the [[George Sherman Union]], and the [[Mugar Memorial Library]] were constructed in the [[Brutalist architecture|Brutalist]] style, a departure from the school's traditional architecture. The [[Boston University College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] and [[Boston University College of Communication|College of Communication]] were housed in a former stable building and auto-show room, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex Taylor |title=Activism, dorm construction pervade campus in 1950s–60s |url=http://media.www.dailyfreepress.com/media/storage/paper87/news/2006/10/17/News/Activism.Dorm.Construction.Pervade.Campus.In.1950s60s-2371894.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401215744/http://media.www.dailyfreepress.com/media/storage/paper87/news/2006/10/17/News/Activism.Dorm.Construction.Pervade.Campus.In.1950s60s-2371894.shtml |archive-date=April 1, 2007 |access-date=April 27, 2008 |website=The Daily Free Press}}</ref> Besides his efforts to expand the university into a rival for Greater Boston's more prestigious academic institutions, such as [[Harvard University]] and the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (both in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge]] across the Charles River from the BU campus), Case involved himself in the start of the student/societal upheavals that came to characterize the 1960s.

When a mini-squabble over editorial policy at [[college radio]] [[WBUR-FM]] – whose offices were under a tall radio antenna mast in front of the School of Public Relations and Communications (later College of Communications) – started growing in the spring of 1964, Case persuaded university trustees that the university should take over the widely-heard radio station (now a major outlet for [[National Public Radio]] and still a BU-owned broadcast facility). The trustees approved the firing of student managers and clamped down on programming and editorial policy, which had been led by Jim Thistle, later a major force in Boston's broadcast news milieu. The on-campus political dispute between Case's conservative administration and the suddenly active and mostly liberal student body led to other disputes over BU student print publications, such as the ''B.U. News'' and the ''Scarlet'', a fraternity association newspaper.

The Presidency of [[John Silber]] also saw much expansion of the campus and programs. In the late 1970s, the [[Lahey Clinic]] vacated its building at 605 Commonwealth Avenue and moved to [[Burlington, Massachusetts]]. The vacated building was purchased by BU to house the [[Boston University School of Education|School of Education]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lahey History |url=http://www.lahey.org/About/LaheyHistory.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423195345/http://www.lahey.org/About/LaheyHistory.asp |archive-date=April 23, 2010 |access-date=December 28, 2009 |publisher=The Lahey Clinic}}</ref> After arriving from the University of Texas in 1971, Silber set out to remake the university into a global center for research by recruiting star faculty. Two of his faculty "stars", [[Elie Wiesel]] and [[Derek Walcott]], won Nobel Prizes shortly after Silber recruited them.<ref name="Wolfe 2015">{{Cite journal |last=Wolfe |first=Tom |date=February 2015 |title=Silberado |journal=Bostonia |publisher=Boston University |page=37}}</ref> Two others, [[Saul Bellow]] and [[Sheldon Glashow]] won Nobel Prizes before Silber recruited them.<ref name="Wolfe 2015" />

In addition to recruiting new scholars, Silber expanded the physical campus, constructing the [[Boston University Photonics Center|Photonics Center]] for the study of light, a new building for the School of Management, and the Life Science and Engineering Building for interdisciplinary research, among other projects.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life Science and Engineering building: "cathedral to science" |url=http://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2005/04-29/lse.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922152400/http://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2005/04-29/lse.html |archive-date=September 22, 2010 |access-date=July 6, 2010 |publisher=Boston University}}</ref> Campus expansion continued in the 2000s with the construction of new dormitories and the [[Agganis Arena]].

====Student and faculty activism====
[[File:BACK PAGE BU Exposure 1978-03-00.jpg|thumb|''BU Exposure'' in March 1978]]
To protest the poor condition of Boston University's African-American curriculum, on April 25, 1968 (three weeks after the [[assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.]]), African-American students conducted a [[sit-in]] and locked BU President [[Arland F. Christ-Janer]] out of his office for 12 hours.<ref name="Waters 1968">{{Cite news |last=Waters |first=Bertram |date=May 5, 1968 |title=Science Medicine Education: 'Reason' Won' at Sit-in, Says B.U. President |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/366547855 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331212302/https://www.proquest.com/docview/366547855 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|366547855}}}}</ref> Umoja, BU's Black Student Union, put forward ten demands to Christ-Janer and got nine of them approved that included the creation of a Martin Luther King Chair of Social Ethics, expansion of African-American library resources and tutoring services, opening an "Afro-American coordinating center," admission and selection of more Black students and faculty. No disciplinary action was taken against the students who only opened the chains after their demands were met. "There was no surprise, or feeling of victory on the students' parts," said Christ-Janer in response to the sit-in. "They had confidence in their demands, and I had a confidence in them. The university, black and white alike, was the winner."<ref name="Waters 1968" />
The late twentieth century saw a culmination in student activism at Boston University during the presidency of [[John Silber|John R. Silber]].

In 1972, student protests rose against the university administration's endorsement of [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]] recruitment on campus which faced significant opposition from the [[Students for a Democratic Society|Student Democratic Society]].<ref name="Rosenbloom 1972">{{Cite news |last=Rosenbloom |first=Joseph |date=March 28, 1972 |title=33 protesters arrested at BU career office |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/375333303 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112752/https://www.proquest.com/docview/375333303 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|375333303}}}}</ref>

On March 27, 1972, 50 police officers in "riot gear" defused a demonstration of 150 protesters at 195 Bay State Road, the BU Placement Office, where Marine recruiters were holding student interviews. A few protesters were arrested while some sustained minor injuries, including a student and two officers. Contrary to student claims of a peaceful protest, Silber said, "Civilization doesn't abdicate in face of barbarism. Those students or nonstudents who deliberately seek violent confrontation and refuse all efforts at peaceful resolution of issues must expect society to use its police power in its own defense." In response to Silber's decision of a forceful police intervention, the Faculty State conducted a vote on Silber's resignation which could not pass due to a "vote of 140–25 with 32 abstentions."<ref name="Rosenbloom 1972" /> As a result of this failed motion, Peter P. Gabriel resigned his position as the dean of [[Questrom School of Business|Boston University's School of Management]] in protest of Silber's presidency and his "counterproductive" leadership.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McCain |first=Nina |date=May 6, 1976 |title=BU dean resigns to protest trustees' approval of Silber |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/657914676 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331212334/https://www.proquest.com/docview/657914676 |archive-date=March 31, 2022 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|657914676}}}}</ref> Silber's support of military recruitment on campus, which he pushed to make the university eligible for Federal grants,<ref name="Cullen 1978">{{Cite news |last=Cullen |first=John |date=March 17, 1978 |title=Tuition protest turns ugly, students trap 50 at BU |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/757677881 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112751/https://www.proquest.com/docview/757677881 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=1 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|757677881}}}}</ref> caused other demonstrations. On December 5, 1972, fifteen BU Student Government officers started a three-day hunger strike at [[Marsh Chapel]] demanding Silber "to file a lawsuit against the Federal government challenging the constitutionality of the Herbert Amendment."<ref>{{Cite web |title=B.U. Protesters Begin Hunger Strike In Effort to Stop Military Recruitment |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1972/12/5/bu-protesters-begin-hunger-strike-in/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818180411/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1972/12/5/bu-protesters-begin-hunger-strike-in/ |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |website=The Harvard Crimson}}</ref>

On March 16, 1978, about 900 Boston University students gathered at the [[George Sherman Union]] to protest against the $400 rise in tuition and $150 rise in housing charges declared by the trustees on March 7.<ref name="Cullen 1978" /> The protest interrupted a board of trustees conference. While John Silber and Arthur G. B. Metcalf, chairman of the board of trustees, were negotiating with student government representatives to discuss the matter further on a separate occasion, the protesters marched into the building from two entrances, effectively trapping 40 trustees and 10 university administrators in the building for over thirty minutes. Twenty officers from the [[Boston University Police Department]] had to disperse the crowd from the stairwells. The protest resulted in the arrest of 19 year old Joshua Grossman, while another student and two BUPD officers were taken to hospitals.<ref name="Cullen 1978" />

On April 5, 1979, several hundred faculty members, as well as clerical workers and librarians, [[1979 Boston University strike|went on strike]]. The faculty members were seeking a labor contract while the clerical workers and librarians were seeking union recognition. The strike ended by mid-April under terms favorable to the employees.

On November 27, 1979, the committee to Defend Iranian Students—composed of Iranian students, Youths Against Foreign Fascism and the Revolutionary Communist Party—held a demonstration at the George Sherman Union against the [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi|deposed Shah of Iran]] and the deportation of Iranian students from the US. "To the Iranian people, that man (the shah) is Adolf Hitler," students protested. "The Shah Must Face the Wrath of the People." This was met with chants of "God Bless America" from the opposing group. Twenty policemen broke up the confronting parties though no arrests were made.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rivas |first=Maggie |date=November 28, 1979 |title=Iran Rallies at BU Clash: UMass-Amherst Asks Iranians to Interviews |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/747170454 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414112748/https://www.proquest.com/docview/747170454 |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=September 29, 2020 |work=Boston Globe (1960–1988); Boston, Mass. |page=9 |type=Historical Newspapers |via=ProQuest |id={{ProQuest|747170454}}}}</ref>