Editing Bombardier Aviation (section)

===2010–2016===
On 24 March 2011, Shanghai-based Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China ([[Comac|COMAC]]) and Bombardier Inc. signed a framework agreement for a long-term strategic cooperation on commercial aircraft. The intention was to break the near-[[duopoly]] of [[Competition between Airbus and Boeing|Airbus and Boeing]].<ref>{{cite press release | title=COMAC and Bombardier Sign Strategic Agreement on Commercial Aircraft | url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/corporate/media-centre/press-releases/details?docID=0901260d80167ce7 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324100903/http://www.bombardier.com/en/corporate/media-centre/press-releases/details?docID=0901260d80167ce7 | url-status=dead | archive-date=24 March 2012 | publisher=Bombardier | date=24 March 2011 | access-date=25 June 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | first=Jon | last=Ostrower | title=Many questions surround Bombardier/Comac partnership | url=http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/flightblogger/2011/04/news-analysis-the-many-questio.html | website=Flight Global | date=1 April 2011 | access-date=25 June 2011 | archive-date=6 April 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406100536/http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/flightblogger/2011/04/news-analysis-the-many-questio.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Aircraft covered by the programme included the Bombardier CRJ-series, CSeries and Q-series; and the [[Comac ARJ21]] and [[Comac C919]].{{Update inline|reason=How long did the partnership last and when did it terminate?|date=June 2019}} In January 2012, the firm began manufacturing simple structures, such as flight controls for the CRJ series, from its first facility in Africa, near Casablanca, Morocco. On 30 September 2013, it broke ground on its permanent facility, due to open late 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace_20130930_bombardieraerospacebreaksgroundonn.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423042720/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-aerospace_20130930_bombardieraerospacebreaksgroundonn.html|url-status=dead|title=Bombardier Aerospace Breaks Ground on New Moroccan Manufacturing Facility |publisher=Bombardier|archive-date=23 April 2014 }}</ref> In October, a joint development deal between Bombardier and a South Korean consortium consisting of [[Korea Aerospace Industries]] and [[Korean Air Lines]] was revealed, to develop a 90-seater turboprop regional airliner, targeting a 2019 launch date.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper= The Wall Street Journal |url= https://www.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20121008-700453.html |title= South Korea Consortium in Talks With Bombardier About Developing Passenger Plane -Source |author= Choi Kyong-Ae |date= 8 October 2012 |access-date= 10 October 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In November 2012, Bombardier signed the largest deal in its history with Swiss business jet operator [[VistaJet Holding SA|VistaJet]] for 56 Global series jets for a total value of $3.1 billion, including an option for an additional 86 jets, for a total transaction value of $7.8 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Marowits|first=Ross|date=2012-11-27|title=VistaJet orders up to 142 Bombardier jets in potential $7.8B deal|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/vistajet-orders-up-to-142-bombardier-jets-in-potential-7-8b-deal-1.1055421|access-date=2020-07-19|website=CTVNews|language=en|archive-date=16 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416184748/https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/vistajet-orders-up-to-142-bombardier-jets-in-potential-7-8b-deal-1.1055421|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2013, Canada's Porter Airlines placed a conditional order for 12 CSeries aircraft, with options for another 18;<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.43556-porter-airlines-signs-purchase-agreement-for-up-to-30-bombardier-cs100-aircraft-becomes-cseries-aircrafts-canadian-launch-customer.bombardiercom.html |title=Porter Airlines Signs Purchase Agreement for up to 30 Bombardier CS100 Aircraft; Becomes CSeries Aircraft's Canadian Launch Customer |publisher=Bombardier Aerospce |date=10 April 2013 |access-date=4 November 2015 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219082505/http://www.bombardier.com/en/media/newsList/details.43556-porter-airlines-signs-purchase-agreement-for-up-to-30-bombardier-cs100-aircraft-becomes-cseries-aircrafts-canadian-launch-customer.bombardiercom.html |url-status=live }}</ref> this was conditional on jets being allowed to use [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport]] off downtown Toronto.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/03/porter-wants-airport-studies-completed-despite-liberal-win.html|title=Porter wants airport studies completed, despite Liberal win|first=Vanessa|last=Lu|date=3 November 2015|newspaper=Toronto Star|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411091844/https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/03/porter-wants-airport-studies-completed-despite-liberal-win.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, the Canadian Government announced that it would not approve the marine expansion of the runway required for the use of jets at the airport and the proposal was shelved.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Politics This Morning: Feds should reconsider Billy Bishop airport expansion, say Tories |url=https://www.hilltimes.com/story/2016/03/08/politics-this-morning-feds-should-reconsider-billy-bishop-airport-expansion-say-tories/222118/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Hill Times |language=en-CA |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607031857/https://www.hilltimes.com/story/2016/03/08/politics-this-morning-feds-should-reconsider-billy-bishop-airport-expansion-say-tories/222118/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2014, 1,700 employees were cut from Bombardier Aerospace due to a 19 percent drop in orders in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bombardier-jobs-idUSBREA0K17A20140121 |title=Bombardier cuts 1,700 jobs to save cash after jet delays |author=Susan Taylor |website=[[Reuters]] |date=21 January 2014 |access-date=30 June 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924192703/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/21/us-bombardier-jobs-idUSBREA0K17A20140121 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July of that year, Bombardier reorganized itself in response to underperformance; President Guy Hachey retired and Bombardier Aerospace was split into three divisions: business aircraft; commercial aircraft and aerostructures; and engineering services, while 1,800 jobs were cut.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.financialpost.com/2014/07/26/bombardiers-aerospace-restructuring-takes-a-page-from-train-division/|title=Bombardier's aerospace restructuring takes a page from train division|author=Kristine Owram|work=Financial Post |date=26 July 2014|access-date=22 August 2014|archive-date=7 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207124531/http://business.financialpost.com/2014/07/26/bombardiers-aerospace-restructuring-takes-a-page-from-train-division/|url-status=live}}</ref> In its 2014-year end statement, Bombardier Aerospace reported its employee count had reduced by 3,700, delivered 290 aircraft and held orders for 282 more; and also claimed "strong long-term potential".<ref name="ir.bombardier.com">{{cite web | url=https://ir.bombardier.com/var/data/gallery/document/21/49/11/25/14/Bombardier-MDA-Fiscal-Year-2014-en2.pdf | title=Bombardier Inc. management's discussion and analysis - For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 | publisher=Bombardier | access-date=7 May 2019 | archive-date=11 December 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205114/https://ir.bombardier.com/var/data/gallery/document/21/49/11/25/14/Bombardier-MDA-Fiscal-Year-2014-en2.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> On 29 October 2015, Bombardier announced a US$4.9-billion third-quarter loss and $3.2 billion writedown on the CSeries.<ref name="business.financialpost.com">{{cite news |last=Owram |first=Kristine |url=http://business.financialpost.com/investing/global-investor/bombardier-inc-to-get-1-billion-from-quebec-government-to-rescue-troubled-cseries |title=Bombardier Inc to get US$1 billion from Quebec government to rescue troubled CSeries |date=28 October 2015 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |access-date=4 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411095102/https://business.financialpost.com/investing/global-investor/bombardier-inc-to-get-1-billion-from-quebec-government-to-rescue-troubled-cseries |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="theglobeandmail.com">{{cite news |last1=Perreaux |first1=Les |last2=Chase |first2=Steven |last3=Van Praet |first3=Nicolas |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/liberals-to-decide-on-financial-assistance-for-bombardier/article27030710/ |title=Quebec makes high-risk bet with $1-billion Bombardier investment |newspaper=The Globe and Mail |date=29 October 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304234012/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/liberals-to-decide-on-financial-assistance-for-bombardier/article27030710/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It also cancelled its Learjet 85 program, taking another US$1.2-billion writedown and cancelling 64 outstanding orders.<ref name="business.financialpost.com"/> The firm's debt reached approximately $9 billion, largely due to the CSeries, which had not recorded a single firm order since September 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idCAKCN0SS1YQ20151103|title=Bombardier sees new Global business jets in service by 2018|author=Rocha, Euan|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126033836/http://ca.reuters.com/article/businessNews/idCAKCN0SS1YQ20151103|archive-date=November 26, 2015}}</ref> Bombardier shares fell 17.4 per cent on that day.<ref name="business.financialpost.com"/> By 21 December 2015, the firm had 243 firm orders for the CSeries; a US$2.5 billion cash infusion – $1 billion from the provincial government plus a $1.5 billion investment from the ''Caisse de dépôts et placements du Québec'' – was keeping the parent company adequately funded.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lu |first=Vanessa |date=24 November 2015 |title=We're being selective, Bombardier says of CSeries customers |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/24/were-being-selective-bombardier-says-of-cseries-customers.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411091844/https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/11/24/were-being-selective-bombardier-says-of-cseries-customers.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 February 2016, Bombardier announced its 2015 profits were $138 million before taking a $5.4 billion write-down;<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title = Plane truths|url = https://www.economist.com/news/business/21693188-wounded-canadian-planemaker-announces-big-losses-and-job-cuts-bombardier-course|newspaper = The Economist|access-date = 19 February 2016|issn = 0013-0613|archive-date = 18 June 2019|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190618090522/http://www.economist.com/news/business/21693188-wounded-canadian-planemaker-announces-big-losses-and-job-cuts-bombardier-course|url-status = live}}</ref> it also announced 7,000 jobs would be cut.<ref name=":0"/> After a long and expensive development, costing US$5.4 billion to date, including a US$3.2 billion writeoff, the small (110–125 seat) CS100 version of the CSeries received initial type certification from Transport Canada on 18 December 2015.<ref>{{cite news |last=Lu |first=Vanessa |date=18 December 2015 |title=Bombardier's CSeries jet certified for commercial service |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/12/18/bombardiers-cseries-jet-certified-for-commercial-service.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto, Ontario |archive-date=19 December 2015 |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151219115302/http://www.thestar.com/business/2015/12/18/bombardiers-cseries-jet-certified-for-commercial-service.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, the company had 243 firm orders and letters of intent and commitment for another 360.<ref name="Tomesco">{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-21/bombardier-sees-aggressive-c-series-pricing-amid-order-drought |title=Bombardier Sees 'Aggressive' C Series Pricing Amid Drought |last=Tomesco |first=Frederic |date=21 December 2015 |website=BloombergBusiness |publisher=Bloomberg LP |access-date=5 March 2017 |archive-date=19 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219082459/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-21/bombardier-sees-aggressive-c-series-pricing-amid-order-drought |url-status=live }}</ref> Most orders were for the CS300 model. The first CS100 was expected to be flying by mid-2016 in [[Lufthansa]] colours.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bombardier-cseries-friday-1.3371265 |title=Bombardier receives CSeries certification from Transport Canada |date=18 December 2015 |publisher=CBC News |access-date=19 December 2015 |archive-date=18 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218213523/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bombardier-cseries-friday-1.3371265 |url-status=live }}</ref> "Certification is a great thing, but 2016 is going to be critical for orders," analyst Chris Murray, a
Managing Director with Alta Corp, told Bloomberg Business.<ref name="Tomesco"/> Fred Cromer, president of Bombardier's commercial aircraft unit, hinted on 21 December 2015 that price cuts or other incentives may be offered to bolster sales (list price for the CS100 was US$71.8 million and for the CS300 US$82 million).<ref name="Tomesco"/>

Intending to boost profit margins, Bombardier announced on 12 January 2016 that it would cancel deals with third party sales agent Tag Aeronautics, as well as cancelling 24 firm and 30 optional orders, aiming to later resell these aircraft without a sales agency fee.<ref>{{cite news |last=Van Praet |first=Nicolas |date=13 January 2016 |title=Bombardier Ending Sales Contract with Tag Aeronautics |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bombardier-ending-sales-contract-with-tag-aeronautics/article28141297/ |newspaper=Globe and Mail |location=Toronto, Ontario |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131170736/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/bombardier-ending-sales-contract-with-tag-aeronautics/article28141297/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The CSeries was adversely hit by production delays and stiff competition in 2016. On 20 January, United Continental Holdings Inc. announced that it had ordered 40 Boeing 737-700s instead.<ref>{{cite news |last=Van Praet |first=Nicolas |date=21 January 2016 |title=Bombardier snubbed as United to buy 40 Boeing jets |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/united-to-buy-40-boeing-jets-in-blow-to-bombardier-c-series/article28306016/ |newspaper=Globe and Mail |location=Toronto, Ontario |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131140424/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/united-to-buy-40-boeing-jets-in-blow-to-bombardier-c-series/article28306016/ |archive-date=31 January 2016 }}</ref> Air Canada announced it would buy up to 75 CS300s, a larger variant, on 17 February 2016; prior to this, there had been no CSeries orders since 2014.<ref name=":0"/> The CSeries program was forecast to have positive cash flow after delivering approximately 200 aircraft.<ref name=":0"/> David Tyerman, an analyst with [[Canaccord Genuity]], commented on the difficulty of winning orders and questioned how profitable the next CSeries order will be.<ref>{{cite news |author=Bloomberg<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Boeing beats Bombardier to United airliner sale |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/01/21/boeing-beats-bombardier-to-united-airliner-sale.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto, Ontario |date=21 January 2016 |archive-date=1 November 2016 |access-date=24 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101101944/https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/01/21/boeing-beats-bombardier-to-united-airliner-sale.html |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Bjorn Fehrm of the aviation consulting firm Leeham Company, the first 15 CSeries built in 2016 each cost $60 million to make, but would sell for only $30 million.<ref name=":0"/>

Bombardier held negotiation with [[Delta Air Lines]], the latter placing an order in April 2016 for 75 CS100 models with an option for 50 additional aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/bombardier-cseries-boeing-delta-us-canada-trade-war-2017-9|title=Here's the Bombardier jet at the heart of a simmering trade war between the US and Canada|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-date=31 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131030158/http://www.businessinsider.com/bombardier-cseries-boeing-delta-us-canada-trade-war-2017-9/|url-status=live}}</ref> At full list price, the deal would total US$5.6 billion; sources claimed that Delta had received a significant discount.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bombardier-delta-1.3556661|title=Delta buying 75 Bombardier CSeries jets, with options for 50 more|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128024004/http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/bombardier-delta-1.3556661|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/bombardier-delta-make-c-series-deal-2016-4|title=Canada's Boeing challenger just made a blockbuster deal with Delta|website=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=12 February 2018|archive-date=25 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025060742/http://www.businessinsider.com/bombardier-delta-make-c-series-deal-2016-4|url-status=live}}</ref> Air Canada firmed up its tentative order for 45 CS300s with an option for another 30 in June 2016; it was reportedly valued at $3.8 billion, increasing to $6.3 billion if the option was exercised (based on the aircraft's list price). The next day, Bombardier delivered the first CSeries jet to Swiss International Air Lines, the first operator to start flying them.<ref>{{cite news |author=The Canadian Press |title=Air Canada finalizes $3.8B order for 45 Bombardier CSeries jets |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/06/28/air-canada-finalizes-38b-order-for-45-bombardier-cseries-jets.html |newspaper=Toronto Star |location=Toronto, Ontario |date=28 June 2016 |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=29 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122940/https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/06/28/air-canada-finalizes-38b-order-for-45-bombardier-cseries-jets.html |url-status=live }}</ref>