Editing Bluegrass music (section)

===Vocals===
Apart from specific instrumentation, a distinguishing characteristic of bluegrass is vocal harmony featuring two, three, or four parts, often with a [[Consonance and dissonance|dissonant]] or [[musical mode|modal]] sound in the highest voice (see [[modal frame]]), a style described as the "high, lonesome sound".<ref>[http://www.jargondatabase.com/Jargon.aspx?id=131 "High Lonesome Sound"]. ''Jargon Database''.</ref> Commonly, the ordering and layering of vocal harmony is called the "stack". A standard stack has a [[baritone]] voice at the bottom, the lead in the middle (singing the main melody) and a [[tenor]] at the top, although stacks can be altered, especially where a female voice is included. [[Alison Krauss and Union Station]] provide a good example of a different harmony stack with a baritone and tenor with a high lead, an octave above the standard melody line, sung by the female vocalist. However, by employing variants to the standard trio vocal arrangement, they were simply following a pattern existing since the early days of the genre. Both [[the Stanley Brothers]] and [[the Osborne Brothers]] employed the use of a high lead with the tenor and baritone below it. The Stanleys used this technique numerous times in their recordings for both Mercury and King records.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reid|first=Gary|title=The Music of the Stanley Brothers|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2015|isbn=9780252096723|location=Urbana, Illinois|pages=44, 49, 71–72, 74, 76, 79, 146}}</ref> This particular stack was most famously employed by the [[Osborne Brothers]] who first employed it during their time with MGM records in the latter half of the 1950s. This vocal arrangement would become the trademark of the Osbornes' sound with Bobby's high, clear voice at the top of the vocal stack.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Artis|first=Bob|title=Bluegrass|publisher=Hawthorne Books|year=1975|isbn=9780801507588|location=New York |pages=92, 93}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Weisberger|first=Jon|date=March 1, 2000|title=Osborne Brothers – A High Lead, a Long Run|url=https://www.nodepression.com/osborne-brothers-a-high-lead-a-long-run/|journal=No Depressiion in Heaven: The Journal of Roots Music}}</ref> Additionally, the [[Stanley Brothers]] also utilized a high baritone part on several of their trios recorded for Columbia records during their time with that label (1949–1952).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Johnson|first=David|title=Lonesome Melodies : the Lives and Music of the Stanley Brothers|publisher=University Press of Mississippi|year=2013|isbn=9781617036477|location=Oxford, Mississippi|pages=86–89, 110}}</ref> Mandolin player [[Pee Wee Lambert]] sang the high baritone above Ralph Stanley's tenor, both parts above Carter's lead vocal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Reid|first=Gary|title=The Stanley Brothers, a Preliminary Discography|publisher=Copper Creek Publications|year=1984|location=Roanoke, Virginia|pages=2–3}}</ref> This trio vocal arrangement was variously used by other groups as well; even Bill Monroe employed it in his 1950 recording of "When the Golden Leaves Begin to Fall".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rosenberg|first=Neil|title=The Music of Bill Monroe|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2007|isbn=9780252031212|location=Urbana, Illinois|pages=86}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Himes|first=Geoffrey|date=January 14, 2000|title=Longview: A Mountain-Wailing Ensemble|work=The Washington Post, p N06}}</ref> In the 1960s, [[Flatt and Scruggs]] often added a fifth part to the traditional quartet parts on gospel songs, the extra part being a high baritone (doubling the baritone part sung in the normal range of that voice; E.P. Tullock [aka Cousin Jake] normally providing the part, though at times it was handled by Curly Seckler).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bartenstein|first=Fred|date=April 27, 2010|title=Bluegrass Vocals (unpublished paper)|url=http://www.fredbartenstein.com/bgvocals.html|url-status=live|access-date=October 7, 2021|website=Bartenstein Bluegrass|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120911193158/http://www.fredbartenstein.com:80/bgvocals.html |archive-date=2012-09-11 }}</ref>