Editing Bithynia (section)

===Iron Age===
Bithynia is named for the [[Thracians|Thracian]] tribe of the ''[[Bithyni]]'', mentioned by [[Herodotus]] (VII.75) alongside the ''[[Thyni]]''. The "[[Thraco-Phrygian]]" migration from the Balkans to Asia Minor would have taken place at some point following the [[Bronze Age collapse]] or during the early Iron Age. The Thyni and Bithyni appear to have settled simultaneously in the adjoining parts of Asia, where they expelled or subdued the [[Mysians]], [[Caucones]] and other minor tribes, the [[Mariandyni]] maintaining themselves in the northeast. Herodotus mentions the Thyni and Bithyni as settling side by side.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=12}}  No trace of their original language has been preserved, but Herodotus describes them as related to the tribes of Thracian extraction.

Later the [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] established on the coast the colonies of Cius (modern Gemlik); [[Chalcedon]] (modern [[Kadıköy]]), at the entrance of the Bosporus, nearly opposite [[Byzantium]] (modern [[Istanbul]]) and [[Heraclea Pontica]] (modern Karadeniz Ereğli), on the Euxine, about {{convert|120|mi|km}} east of the Bosporus.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=13}}

The Bithynians were incorporated by king [[Croesus]] within the [[Lydia]]n monarchy, with which they fell under the dominion of [[Persian Empire|Persia]] (546 BC), and were included in the [[satrapy]] of [[Phrygia]], which comprised all the countries up to the Hellespont and Bosporus.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=12}}