Editing Biological determinism (section)

===Eugenics===

{{main|Eugenics}}

[[File:Francis Galton 1850s.jpg|thumb|upright|The early eugenicist [[Francis Galton]] invented the term [[eugenics]] and popularized the phrase [[nature and nurture]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Galton, Francis |author-link=Francis Galton |date=1874 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uE-bpGo2N4C&pg=PA227 |title=On men of science, their nature and their nurture |journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain]] |volume=7 |pages=227–236}}</ref>]]

Early ideas of biological determinism centred on the inheritance of undesirable traits, whether physical such as [[club foot]] or [[cleft palate]], or psychological such as [[alcoholism]], [[bipolar disorder]] and [[criminality]]. The belief that such traits were inherited led to an attempt to solve the problem with the [[eugenics]] movement. This was led by a follower of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]], [[Francis Galton]] (1822–1911), who advocated forcibly reducing breeding among people with those traits. By the 1920s, many U.S. states enacted laws permitting the compulsory [[sterilization (medicine)|sterilization]] of people considered genetically unfit, including inmates of [[prison]]s and [[psychiatric hospital]]s. This was followed by similar laws in Germany, and throughout the Western world, in the 1930s.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Allen |first=Garland Edward |title=Biological determinism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/biological-determinism |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |date=9 December 2015}}</ref><ref name=AllenReview>{{cite journal |last=Allen |first=Garland E. |title=The Roots of Biological Determinism: review of The Mismeasure of Man by Stephen Jay Gould |journal=[[Journal of the History of Biology]] |date=1984 |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=141–145 |jstor=4330882 |doi=10.1007/bf00397505|pmid=11611452 |s2cid=29672121 }}</ref><ref name=Mismeasure>{{cite book |last=Gould |first=Stephen Jay |author-link=Stephen Jay Gould |title=The Mismeasure of Man |url=https://archive.org/details/mismeasureofman00goulrich |url-access=registration |date=1981 |publisher=[[W. W. Norton & Company|W. W. Norton]] |pages=188–203 "H. H. Goddard and the menace of the feeble-minded" }}</ref>