Editing Bhima (section)

==Biography==
===Birth and early life===
[[File:Myths of the Hindus & Buddhists - The House of Lac.jpg|thumb|Bhima and the Pandavas escaping from the burning of lac, Bhima is shown carrying his mother on his shoulders. Illustration by [[Nandalal Bose]], 1914|left]]
Bhima was the second of the five [[Pandava]] brothers, the adoptive sons of retired Kuru king [[Pandu]], and was born to [[Kunti]] with divine intervention due to Pandu's inability to conceive. According to the epic, Kunti invoked the wind god, [[Vayu]], using a mantra provided by the sage [[Durvasa]], resulting in Bhima's birth. This divine connection bestowed upon him immense physical strength. At the time of his birth, a celestine prophecy declared that he would become the mightiest warrior. A notable incident in his infancy underscored his extraordinary strength: when he accidentally fell from his mother's lap onto a rock, the rock shattered into pieces while Bhima remained unscathed. This event served as an early indication of his formidable abilities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Mani |first=Vettam |url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/56/mode/2up?view=theater&q=bhima |title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature |date=1975 |publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |isbn=978-0-8426-0822-0}}</ref>

After Pandu's demise in the forest, the Pandavas were raised alongside their cousins, [[Kaurava|Kauravas]], in [[Hastinapura]], the capital of [[Kuru kingdom|Kuru]]. During his childhood, Bhima's strength was frequently displayed, often to the dismay of the Kauravas, particularly [[Duryodhana]]. Bhima's physical prowess frequently led to his victories in their childhood games, resulting in animosity and jealousy among the Kauravas. This enmity culminated in a plot by Duryodhana, who conspired to eliminate Bhima. In one such plot, Bhima was given poisoned food and thrown into the [[Ganges]] River while unconscious. However, this plan inadvertently led to Bhima's encounter with the [[Nāga|Nagas]] (divine serpents) in their underwater realm.
As Bhima descended into the river's depths, he reached the Naga realm, where the serpents bit him. Their venom neutralised the poison in his body, effectively reviving him. In this realm, Bhima met Aryaka, a Naga chieftain and his maternal relative. Recognising Bhima's divine heritage, Aryaka introduced him to [[Vasuki]], the king of the Nagas. Impressed by Bhima's lineage and potential, Vasuki offered him a divine elixir. Bhima consumed eight pots of this elixir, thereby acquiring the strength of a thousand elephants. He spent eight days in the Naga realm to fully assimilate this power. On the ninth day, the Nagas, honouring his newfound strength, returned Bhima to Hastinapura, where he rejoined his family.<ref name=":1" />

In Hastinapura, Bhima, along with his brothers, was trained in the arts of warfare under the tutelage of [[Dronacharya]], the royal guru. Bhima specialised in the use of the mace ([[Gada (mace)|gada]]) and became an unmatched mace fighter. Additionally, he received advanced training from [[Balarama]], known for his expertise in mace combat. Bhima's training also included proficiency in various other weapons, establishing him as a versatile warrior.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Mahabharata Text |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m05/m05022.htm}}</ref>

Bhima was also renowned for his giant appetite&nbsp;– at times, half of the total food consumed by the Pandavas was eaten by him.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kapoor|editor-first=Subodh|title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788177552577|page=7535|edition=1st}}</ref>

===Hiding and encounters with Rakshasas===
[[File:Hungry Bakasura Meets Bhima.jpg|thumb|Bhima encounters the demon Bakasura, book illustration]]
The rivalry between the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] and the [[Kauravas]] intensified as they grew older. Bhima's physical strength and assertiveness were sources of constant irritation for [[Duryodhana]], who viewed him as a significant threat. The poisoning incident was one of several attempts by the Kauravas to eliminate Bhima. Another major scheme involved sending the Pandavas, along with Kunti, to Varanavata, where they were placed in a palace made of lac, known as [[Lakshagriha|Lakshagraha]], with the intention of burning them alive. However, the Pandavas, forewarned by their uncle [[Vidura]], managed to escape through a secret tunnel they had prepared, marking the beginning of their period of concealment to avoid further problems from the Kauravas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Mahabharata Text">{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Jarasandhta-badha Parva: Section XXIX |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02029.htm |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

After their escape from the burning Lakshagraha, the Pandavas, accompanied by their mother Kunti, traversed the forest to avoid further threats from the Kauravas. During their journey, Kunti and her sons, except Bhima, were overcome with fatigue. Demonstrating his exceptional strength, Bhima carried his mother and brothers on his shoulders through the forest. Their journey led them to the [[Kamyaka Forest|Kamyaka]] forest, inhabited by the [[Rakshasa]] (here, man-eating race) [[Hidimba]] and his sister [[Hidimbi]].
While the Pandavas rested under a tree, Hidimba, who desired to consume them, dispatched his sister Hidimbi to lure them. However, upon encountering Bhima, Hidimbi was struck by his physical appearance and power, and she proposed marriage to him. When Hidimba discovered her intentions, he became enraged and attacked Bhima. Bhima engaged in combat with Hidimba and, after a fierce battle, killed him. Moved by Hidimbi's plight, Kunti consented to Bhima's marriage to her, on the condition that he would rejoin his family after some time. Bhima and Hidimbi had a son, [[Ghatotkacha]], who later became a significant ally of the Pandavas.<ref name=":1" />

Following this episode, the Pandavas proceeded to the village of Ekachakra, where they lived incognito. During their stay, Bhima encountered and killed the Rakshasa [[Bakasura]] who had been terrorising the villagers by eating them one by one.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kaivara {{!}} Chikkaballapur District, Government of Karnataka {{!}} India |url=https://chikkaballapur.nic.in/en/tourist-place/kaivara/ |access-date=2023-06-04 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mahabharata Text|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01167.htm}}</ref>

===Marriages and children===
[[File:Bhima and Hedemba.jpeg|alt=Bhima and Hidimbi, Publisher Ravi Varma Press, Malavi Bombay|thumb|Bhima encounters the Rakshasi Hidimbi, 20th century print published by Ravi Varma Press]]
The ''Adi Parva'' mentions three wives of Bhima-[[Hidimbi]], [[Draupadi]] and [[Valandhara|Balandhara]], with whom he had one son each. Bhima's first wife, [[Hidimbi]], also known as Hidimbā, was from the [[Rakshasa]] race—supernatural beings typically associated with evil deeds, such as consuming humans. Together, they had a son named [[Ghatotkacha]] (see [[Bhima#Hiding and encounters with Rakshasas|previous section]] for details). Both Hidimbi and Ghatotkacha are notable exceptions, exhibiting benevolent qualities despite their Rakshasa origins.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Mani |first=Vettam |url=https://archive.org/details/puranicencyclopa00maniuoft/page/56/mode/2up?view=theater&q=bhima |title=Puranic encyclopaedia : a comprehensive dictionary with special reference to the epic and Puranic literature |date=1975 |publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass |others=Robarts - University of Toronto |isbn=978-0-8426-0822-0}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/JamesLochtefeldTheIllustratedEncyclopediaOfHinduism/page/n139/mode/2up?view=theater |title=James Lochtefeld The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Hinduism |language=English}}</ref>

Draupadi was the daughter of King [[Drupada]] of [[Panchala]], who held a [[svayamvara]], an ancient ceremony in which a princess could choose her husband from among assembled suitors. During their hiding, they heard of it and went to Panchala to attend it in disguise. During the svayamvara, numerous princes and warriors failed to fulfil the challenge set by King Drupada. However, Arjuna, disguised as a [[Brahmin]], succeeded in the archery challenge, winning Draupadi's hand. The Pandavas, who were in exile and disguised as Brahmins at the time, returned to their temporary abode with Draupadi. In a twist of events, Kunti, unaware of what Arjuna had won, instructed her sons to "share the alms" equally among them. Adhering to their mother's words, the Pandavas agreed to marry Draupadi collectively. Thus, Draupadi became the wife of all five Pandavas, a union that was sanctified by divine mandate. Bhima, being one of her husbands, was known for his deep affection and protective nature toward Draupadi throughout their lives. From Draupadi, Bhima fathered [[Sutasoma (Mahabharata)|Sutasoma]].<ref name=":12" />

Bhima's other wife Balandhara, the daughter of King of [[Kāśī (kingdom)|Kashi]], was won by him at her svayamvara contest. They had a son named Savarga.<ref name=":12" /><ref name="web.archive.org2">{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section XCV |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100116130453/http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01096.htm |archive-date=16 January 2010}}</ref><ref name="BernsteinGanguli20172">{{cite book |author1=Erin Bernstein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6kcsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT470 |title=The Mahabharata: A Modern Retelling: Volume I: Origins |author2=Kisari Mohan Ganguli |date=12 July 2017 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7438-2228-3 |pages=470–}}</ref> The ''[[Bhagavata Purana]]'' records Balandhara as Kali and Savarga as Sarvagata.<ref name=":62">{{Cite book |last=Sinha |first=Pürnendu Narayana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIBBAAAAYAAJ&dq=bhagavata+Purana+Bhima&pg=PA344 |title=A Study of the Bhagavata Purana: Or, Esoteric Hinduism |date=1901 |publisher=Freeman & Company, Limited |language=en}}</ref>

Later in the ''[[Ashramavasika Parva|Ashramvasika Parva]]'', the character [[Sanjaya]] mentions another wife of Bhima, described as the sister of "one who always opposed [[Krishna]]". Scholars have deduced this figure to be [[Shishupala]], the king of [[Chedi kingdom|Chedi]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/After_the_War/rxx4EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA2&printsec=frontcover |title=After the War: The Last Books of the Mahabharata |date=2022 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-755339-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Brodbeck |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_8lXf1c3VMoC&pg=PA3&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&gboemv=1&ovdme=1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=introduces%20two%20wives%20unmentioned%20elsewhere&f=false |title=The Mahābhārata Patriline: Gender, Culture, and the Royal Hereditary |date=2009 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7546-6787-2 |language=en}}</ref> Simon Brodbeck theorizes that this marriage might have taken place after the [[Kurukshetra War]], as this unnamed wife is not mentioned elsewhere.<ref name=":7" /> On the other hand, [[Wendy Doniger]] equates this unknown wife with Balandhara.<ref name=":8" />

===Conquest for Rajasuya===
[[File:Jarasangh Vadh.jpg|thumb|Bhima wrestles with Jarasandha, print by Ravi Varma Press]]
After their marriage to Draupadi, the Pandavas' survival was revealed in [[Hastinapura]], leading to the division of the kingdom and the founding of [[Indraprastha]]. Yudhishthira aspired to perform the [[Rajasuya]] Yajna, a royal sacrifice that required the allegiance of other kings. Bhima was tasked with subjugating the eastern kingdoms,<ref name=":1" /> as [[Bhishma]]—the Grandsire of the Kuru princes— thought the easterners were skilled in fighting from the backs of elephants and in fighting with bare arms. He deemed Bhima to be the most ideal person to wage wars in that region. Bhima first diplomatically won over the [[Pañcāla|Panchalas]], then defeated the Gandakas, [[Videha|Videhas]], and [[Dasarna kingdom|Dasarnas]], appointing King Sudharman of Dasarna as his commander after a fierce battle. His conquests continued with victories over Rochamana of Aswamedha, the kings of [[Pulinda]], Sukumara and Sumitra, and peaceful submission by [[Shishupala]] of [[Chedi kingdom|Chedi]]. He further subdued King Srenimat of Kumara, [[Brihadbala]] of [[Kosala kingdom|Kosala]], Dirghayaghna of [[Ayodhya (Ramayana)|Ayodhya]], and conquered Northern Kosalas, Gopalakaksha, and the Mallas, reaching the Bhallata and Suktimanta mountains.<ref name="Mahabharata Text" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tCAnrHq8r1kC&q=Shadeva+rajasuya&pg=PA319 |title=The Mystery of the Mahabharata: Vol.4 |publisher=India Research Press |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Jarasandhta-badha Parva: Section XXVIII |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02028.htm |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

Bhima’s campaign expanded with the defeat of King Subahu of [[Kāśī (kingdom)|Kasi]] and King Kratha of Suparsa, followed by conquests in [[Matsya (tribe)|Matsya]], Maladas, Pasubhumi, Madahara, Mahidara, and the Somadheyas. He subdued Vatsabhumi, Bhargas, Nishadas, Manimat, Southern Mallas, and the Bhagauanta mountains. Through diplomacy, he gained the submission of the Sarmakas and Varmakas, and easily conquered King Janaka of [[Videha]]. Bhima also overcame the Sakas and several barbarian tribes, defeated seven Kirata kings near Indra mountain, and subjugated the Submas and Prasuhmas. En route to Magadha, he subdued Kings Danda and Dandadhara.<ref name="Mahabharata Text" />

The major obstacle was [[Jarasandha]] of [[Magadha]], a formidable foe allied against [[Krishna]]. Disguised as Brahmins, Krishna, Bhima, and Arjuna challenged him. Jarasandha chose Bhima for a wrestling duel, which lasted several days. Following Krishna's symbolic advice, Bhima tore Jarasandha’s body apart, killing him and liberating 100 imprisoned kings, who then pledged allegiance to Yudhishthira.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahabharata Text |url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02024.htm}}</ref> Afterwards, Bhima conquered Anga by defeating its king [[Karna]] and slew the mighty ruler of Madagiri. He continued his conquests against Vasudeva of Pundra, Mahaujah of Kausika-kachchha, and the king of Vanga, also subduing Samudrasena, Chandrasena, Tamralipta, and the rulers of Karvatas and Suhmas. Bhima subdued the [[Mleccha|Mlechchha tribes]] along the coast, amassed wealth from Lohity, and returned to Indraprastha.<ref name="Mahabharata Text" />

Yudhishthira was able to perform the Rajasuya Yajna successfully. During the grand ceremony, Bhima's valor was acknowledged, and he played a prominent role in the various rituals and the protection of the sacrificial arena. However, the Rajasuya Yajna also sowed the seeds of future conflict. During the ceremony, a dispute arose regarding the distribution of royal honours. Bhima notably supported Krishna in the ensuing altercation with Shishupala, a vocal critic of Krishna and an antagonist to the Pandavas.<ref name=":1" /> Later, Duryodhana fell into a water pool, Bhima, along with the twins, laughed at him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section XLVI |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02046.htm |access-date=2024-09-17 |website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

===Game of Dice and vows to slay the Kauravas===
The splendour of Yudhishthira's [[Rajasuya]] Yajna and the prosperity of the Pandavas caused intense jealousy among the Kauravas, particularly [[Duryodhana]]. Seeking to usurp the Pandavas' power and wealth, Duryodhana, with the counsel of his maternal uncle [[Shakuni]], invited Yudhishthira to a [[Pachisi|game of dice]]. Despite his misgivings, Yudhishthira accepted the challenge, driven by the codes of Kshatriya honour and hospitality. The game of dice was a turning point in the epic. Shakuni, who played on behalf of Duryodhana, used deceitful means to ensure Yudhishthira's defeat. As the game progressed, Yudhishthira lost his kingdom, wealth, and even his brothers, including Bhima, one by one. Eventually, he wagered [[Draupadi]] and lost her as well.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="MW" />

The Kauravas' subsequent treatment of Draupadi, especially the attempt to disrobe her in the assembly hall, provoked Bhima's fury. Bhima was the only one from the Pandavas' side to protest against the wrongdoing, with [[Vidura]] and [[Vikarna]] raising objections from the Kauravas' side. Unable to act due to his bondage through the game, Bhima became extremely upset with Yudhishthira and asked [[Sahadeva]] to bring fire so that he could "burn Yudhishthira's hands." When [[Arjuna]] pacified, Bhima responded by stating that when elders committed mistakes, verbally insulting them was equivalent to punishing them. Bhima also contemplated killing the Kauravas on the spot. However, Arjuna calmed him down, and Yudhisthira firmly prohibited any confrontation.<ref name = "MW" >{{Cite book |last=Winternitz |first=Moriz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JRfuJFRV_O8C&dq=bhima+burn+Yudhisthira+hands&pg=PA324 |title=A History of Indian Literature |date=1996 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0264-3 |language=en}}</ref> 

After the Kauravas exiled the Pandavas for thirteen years, Bhima swore terrible oaths of vengeance. He vowed to kill Duryodhana by breaking his thigh, a reference to Duryodhana's insulting gesture during the dice game, when he exposed his thigh (a euphemism for the genitals<ref name=":5" />) and commanded Draupadi to sit on his lap. Bhima also swore to avenge Draupadi's humiliation by drinking the blood of [[Dushasana]], who had forcibly dragged her by her hair and attempted to disrobe her in the Kauravas' assembly.<ref name = "MW" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ernest |first=Phillip |date=2006 |title=True Lies - Bhīma's Vows and the Revision of Memory in the "Mahābhārata's" Code |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41692062 |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |volume=87 |pages=273–282 |jstor=41692062 |issn=0378-1143}}</ref>

===Exile and Life in the Forest===
[[File:Bhima Tries to Lift Hanuman's Tail.jpg|thumb|Bhima tries to lift Hanuman's tail, a folio from the ''[[Razmnama]]'' (Persian translation of the ''Mahabharata'', c. 16th century]]
During their twelve-year exile in the forest following their loss in the game of dice, the [[Pandavas]] encountered numerous adversities and engaged in various significant events. Bhima, with his immense strength and courage, was instrumental in addressing many challenges that arose during this period.<ref name=":1" />

A prominent encounter during their exile in the [[Kamyaka]] forest was with the Rakshasa [[Kirmira]], the brother of the Rakshasa [[Bakasura|Baka]], whom Bhima had previously slain in Ekachakra. Kirmira, seeking revenge for his brother's death, confronted the Pandavas, but was killed by Bhima.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03010.htm|title=Mahabharata Text}}</ref>

At one point, [[Arjuna]] departed to the [[Himalayas]] to undertake severe penance in order to acquire celestial weapons from the god [[Shiva]]. During Arjuna's prolonged absence, Bhima and the remaining Pandavas grew increasingly concerned for his safety. The Pandavas ventured to Mount Gandhamadana in search of Arjuna. During this arduous journey, they encountered numerous challenges, including fatigue and harsh terrains. At one point, Draupadi fainted from exhaustion. Bhima then invoked his son [[Ghatotkacha]], who promptly arrived and assisted the Pandavas. Ghatotkacha carried the Pandavas on his shoulders, allowing them to continue their journey with greater ease. Their journey eventually led them to the ashrama of [[Nara and Narayana]]. While resting there, Bhima noticed a fragrant Saugandhika flower, which had been carried to Draupadi by the northeast wind. Draupadi expressed her desire to possess more of these flowers. To fulfil her wish, Bhima set out in the northeast direction toward the Saugandhika forest. This journey brought Bhima to Kadalivana, where he encountered [[Hanuman]], his half-brother, as both were sons of the wind god, [[Vayu]]. Initially, Hanuman tested Bhima's strength and humility by blocking his path with his tail. Despite Bhima's efforts, he was unable to move Hanuman's tail. Recognising the limits of his strength, Bhima humbled himself, prompting Hanuman to reveal his true identity. Hanuman blessed Bhima and provided him guidance to the Saugandhika forest. Following this encounter, Bhima ventured into the forest, overcame the Rakshasas known as Krodhavasas guarding it, and successfully collected the flowers, which he later presented to Draupadi.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03154.htm|title=Mahabharata Text}}</ref>

Another notable event during the Pandavas' exile involved the abduction attempt by [[Jayadratha]], the king of [[Sindhu Kingdom|Sindhu]]. While the Pandavas were away hunting, Jayadratha encountered Draupadi alone and abducted her. On learning of this, Bhima, along with his brothers, pursued and confronted Jayadratha. Bhima overpowered Jayadratha's forces, captured him, and expressed a desire to kill him for his transgression. However, Yudhishthira intervened, advocating for a less violent resolution. Consequently, Bhima and his brothers humiliated Jayadratha by shaving his head, leaving him with a mark of disgrace before releasing him.<ref name=":1" />

During their time in the forest, the Pandavas also encountered various sages and divine beings, from whom they received blessings and spiritual knowledge. These interactions not only provided them with guidance but also augmented their abilities to face future challenges. One significant episode was their encounter with [[Nahusha]], a former king who had been transformed into a python due to a curse. Bhima, while traversing the forest, was captured by this python. Despite his strength, Bhima was unable to free himself. Yudhishthira arrived and, recognising the being as Nahusha, engaged in a dialogue with him. Through Yudhishthira's wisdom, Nahusha was released from his curse and restored to his original form.<ref name=":1" />

The Pandavas also had to contend with the ever-present threat of the Kauravas during their exile. On one occasion, the Kauravas, led by Duryodhana, encamped near the Pandavas' dwelling in [[Dvaitavana]]. During this encampment, Duryodhana and his forces clashed with the [[Gandharva]] [[Chitrasena (Mahabharata)|Chitrasena]]. Duryodhana was captured by the Gandharvas, and upon hearing this, Bhima expressed amusement at his plight. However, at Yudhishthira's behest, Bhima and the Pandavas intervened and freed Duryodhana from captivity. Although reluctant to assist their adversary, the Pandavas acted in accordance with their dharma, thereby upholding their principles.<ref name=":1" />

In another minor incident in the epic, [[Jatasura]], a [[rakshasa]] disguised as a Brahmin abducted Yudhishthira, Draupadi and the twin brothers, Nakula, and Sahadeva during their stay at [[Badrinath|Badarikashrama]]. His objective was to seize the weapons of the Pandavas. Bhima, who was gone hunting during the abduction, was deeply upset when he came to know of Jatasura's evil act on his return. A fierce encounter followed between the two gigantic warriors, where Bhima emerged victorious by decapitating Jatasura and crushing his body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03156.htm|title=Mahabharata Text}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Rashmi|title=Tibetans in exile : struggle for human rights|year=2010|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788179752487|page=625}}</ref>

===Incognito life in Virata's kingdom===
[[File:Draupdadi watching Kichaka and Bhima fighting (crop).jpg|thumb|Kichaka and Bhimasena fight while Draupadi watches them from aside, Folio from a Dispersed Mahabharata Series, [[Mysuru]], c. 1670. Opaque watercolor and gold on paper.]]
After completing their twelve-year exile, the Pandavas entered their thirteenth year, during which they were required to live incognito. They sought refuge in the kingdom of Matsya, ruled by King Virata, and assumed various disguises. Bhima took on the role of Vallabha, a cook, and wrestler in King Virata's palace. Within themselves, Pandavas called him Jayanta. His primary duties involved working in the royal kitchens, though his position as a wrestler occasionally necessitated the display of his physical prowess.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kapoor|editor-first=Subodh|title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788177552577|page=4462|edition=1st}}</ref> There was a wrestling bout where a wrestler from a different state, Jimuta proved to be invincible. Much to the delight of King [[Virata]] and his subjects, Bhima challenged Jimuta and knocked him out in no time. This greatly enhanced the reputation of the Pandavas in unfamiliar territory.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahabharata Text|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m04/m04013.htm}}</ref>

A significant incident during this period was Bhima's encounter with Kichaka, the brother-in-law of King Virata. Kichaka developed an infatuation with Draupadi, who was serving in the palace under the guise of a maid named Sairandhri. Kichaka's advances toward Draupadi escalated and he tried to sexually assault her, prompting her to seek Bhima's protection. Bhima devised a plan to eliminate Kichaka without revealing their true identities. He arranged for Draupadi to lure Kichaka into a secluded area, where Bhima, disguised, awaited him. A physical confrontation ensued, during which Bhima killed Kichaka. This incident was carried out discreetly to avoid compromising the Pandavas' incognito status. Kichaka's brothers blamed Sairandhri (Draupadi) for his death and tried to forcefully cremate her along with Kichaka, but Bhima slew them and rescued Draupadi.<ref name=":1" />

Despite Kichaka's death raising suspicions within the palace, the Pandavas successfully maintained their disguises. Towards the end of their incognito year, the Kauravas and Trigartas raided the Matsya kingdom's cattle in an attempt to expose the Pandavas. Bhima, along with his brothers, defended the kingdom, ensuring that their true identities remained hidden until the incognito period concluded.<ref name=":1" />

===The Kurukshetra War===
Following the Pandavas' return from their exile, the [[Kaurava|Kauravas]] refused to restore their share of the kingdom. This refusal led to the inevitability of the [[Kurukshetra War]]. Bhima played a significant role in the events leading up to the war and was a key combatant throughout the eighteen days of conflict, which are documented in four books of the Mahabharata-[[Bhisma Parva]], [[Drona Parva]], [[Karna Parva]] and [[Shalya Parva]].

Before the war commenced, discussions were held among the Pandavas and their allies regarding the strategy and leadership of the army. Bhima suggested that [[Shikhandi]], who had the ability to challenge [[Bhishma]] due to Bhishma's oath not to fight against a woman or someone perceived as a woman, should lead the Pandava forces. However, [[Yudhishthira]] and [[Arjuna]] decided to appoint [[Dhrishtadyumna]] as the commander-in-chief.<ref name=":1" /> Bhima's chariot was driven by his charioteer, Vishoka, and bore a flag with a gigantic lion in silver, its eyes made of [[lapis lazuli]]. His chariot was yoked to horses described as being as black as bears or black antelopes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mahabharata Text|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07023.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Kapoor|editor-first=Subodh|title=The Indian encyclopaedia : biographical, historical, religious, administrative, ethnological, commercial and scientific|year=2002|publisher=Cosmo Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788177552713|page=4462|edition=1st}}</ref> Bhima wielded a celestial bow named Vayavya, gifted to him by his divine father, Vayu, and also possessed the massive conch named Paundra. Additionally, he wielded a colossal mace, said to have the strength of a hundred thousand maces, which had been presented to him by [[Mayasura]].

Before hostilities broke out, [[Krishna]] sought a final compromise to avoid war. During these peace talks, Bhima expressed his opinion that peace was preferable to war ([[Udyoga Parva]], Chapter 74). However, he also asserted that he was prepared for battle and spoke confidently about his prowess in the upcoming conflict (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 76). When [[Duryodhana]] sent [[Uluka]] with a message to the Pandavas, Bhima responded with an insulting reply, rejecting any form of submission or negotiation (Udyoga Parva, Chapter 163).<ref name=":1" />
====Bhishma Parva (1st - 11th days)====
[[File:Bhima slaughtering his enemies.jpg|thumb|A 19th century manuscript depicting Bhima slaughtering his enemies.]]
On the first day of the [[Kurukshetra War]], Bhima confronted [[Duryodhana]] in a direct duel. The clash between the two warriors set the stage for the fierce rivalry that would continue throughout the battle (Chapter 45, Verse 19). During this early phase, Bhima's war cry was described as so powerful that it caused the world to shudder (Chapter 44, Verse 8).
Bhima then engaged in combat with the forces of the [[Kalinga kingdom|Kalingas]]. In this engagement, he killed the Kalinga prince Shakradeva (Chapter 54, Verse 24). Continuing his assault on the Kalinga army, Bhima also killed another key warrior, Bhanuman (Chapter 54, Verse 39). In the same battle, Bhima targeted the chariot of King Shrutayus, slaying warriors named Satyadeva and Shalya (distinct from another warrior also named [[Shalya]]), who were guarding the chariot wheels (Chapter 54, Verse 76). Following these encounters, Bhima proceeded to kill Ketuman (Chapter 54, Verse 77).
In addition to fighting individual warriors, Bhima turned his attention to the Kaurava elephant division. He decimated the division, causing a significant number of casualties and resulting in what was described as rivers of blood flowing on the battlefield (Chapter 54, Verse 103).<ref name=":1" />

Later in the war, Bhima once again faced Duryodhana in combat. In this confrontation, he successfully defeated Duryodhana (Chapter 58, Verse 16). Bhima also engaged [[Bhishma]], the commander-in-chief of the Kaurava army, in combat on multiple occasions (Chapter 63, Verse 1). This battle was marked by intensity, with Bhima attempting to overpower Bhishma, though Bhishma remained undefeated.
Bhima then targeted the Kaurava brothers in a specific engagement, where he killed eight sons of [[Dhritarashtra]]. The names of those killed in this battle were Senapati, Jarasandha, Sushena, Ugra, Virabahu, Bhima, Bhimaratha, and Sulocana (Chapter 64, Verse 32). In another subsequent battle, Bhima fought against Bhishma once more (Chapter 72, Verse 21). He continued to engage Duryodhana, defeating him again in another encounter (Chapter 79, Verse 11).<ref name=":1" />

In the course of the war, Bhima defeated [[Kritavarma]] (Chapter 82, Verse 60). Later, in his engagement with Bhishma, Bhima killed Bhishma's charioteer (Chapter 88, Verse 12). Following this, Bhima killed eight more sons of Dhritarashtra in another fierce confrontation (Chapter 88, Verse 13). Bhima's clashes also included a direct engagement with [[Drona|Dronacharya]]. In this battle, Bhima struck Dronacharya with such force that the preceptor fell unconscious (Chapter 94, Verse 18). Bhima continued his assault on the Kaurava brothers, killing nine more sons of Dhritarashtra (Chapter 96, Verse 23). In another encounter, Bhima faced Bahlika, whom he defeated in combat (Chapter 104, Verse 18). He also engaged [[Bhurishravas]] in a duel (Chapter 110, Verse 10). Bhima's continued offensive efforts led to the killing of ten [[Maharathis]] (great chariot warriors) of the Kaurava army in a single battle (Chapter 113).<ref name=":1" />

====Drona Parva (12th - 15th days)====
[[File:Sadiq, bhima uccide l'elefante asvatthama, india del nord, periodo mogul, 1598.jpg|thumb|An illustration from [[Razmnama]] (c. 1598 CE) depicting a scene of Drona Parva{{mdash}}Bhima slaying the elephant Ashvathamma.]]
[[Dhritarashtra]], the Kaurava patriarch, acknowledged Bhima's prowess in the [[Drona Parva]] (Chapter 10). Bhima fought with Vivinsati in a combat engagement (Chapter 14, Verse 27). He then entered into a club fight with [[Shalya]], defeating him (Chapter 15, Verse 8). Following this, Bhima fought with Durmarshana (Chapter 25, Verse 5). In this phase of the war, Bhima also killed Anga, the King of the [[Mleccha]] tribe (Chapter 26, Verse 17).<ref name=":1" />

Bhima's confrontation with [[Bhagadatta|Bhagadatta's]] elephant was a notable encounter in which he was defeated and forced to retreat temporarily (Chapter 26, Verse 19). Later, he targeted [[Karna]]'s forces, attacking them and killing fifteen warriors in the process (Chapter 32, Verse 32). Bhima then fought against Vivinsati, Chitrasena, and Vikarṇa (Chapter 96, Verse 31).
In another engagement, Bhima fought [[Alambusha]] and emerged victorious (Chapter 106, Verse 16). Bhima then clashed with [[Kritavarma]] (Chapter 114, Verse 67). During a moment of distress, Bhima consoled [[Yudhishthira]], who was facing a crisis of confidence (Chapter 126, Verse 32). Bhima confronted [[Drona]] again and was able to defeat him (Chapter 127, Verse 42). Following this battle, he killed a group of warriors, including Kundabhedi, Sushena, Dirghalochana, Vrindaraka, Abhaya, Raudrakarma, Durvimocana, Vinda, Anuvinda, Suvarma, and Sudarshana (Chapter 127, Verse 60). In a display of combat skill, Bhima threw Dronacharya off his chariot eight times (Chapter 128, Verse 18). Bhima engaged [[Karna]] in battle and succeeded in defeating him (Chapter 122). In a separate battle, Bhima killed Dussala, another warrior (Chapter 129). He later faced Karna once again (Chapter 131). In subsequent engagements, Bhima killed Durjaya (Chapter 133, Verse 13) and Durmukha (Chapter 134, Verse 20). He continued his campaign against the Kaurava brothers, killing Durmarshana, Dussaha, Durmada, Durdhara, and Jaya (Chapter 135, Verse 30).<ref name=":1" />

Bhima fought Karna repeatedly, destroying many of his bows during their encounters (Chapter 139, Verse 19). In an aggressive maneuver, Bhima attempted to capture Karna by jumping into his chariot (Chapter 139, Verse 74). However, Bhima recalled [[Arjuna]]'s vow to kill Karna and chose to spare his life instead.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07135.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Jayadratha-Vadha Parva: Section CXXXVIII}}</ref> Subsequently, Bhima killed the prince of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]] by thrashing and kicking him (Chapter 155, Verse 24). He continued his offensive against key warriors, pushing and beating Jayarata, Dhruva, Durmada, and Dushkarna to death (Chapter 155). Bhima also rendered the great hero Somadatta unconscious with his club (Chapter 157, Verse 10). Bhima encountered [[Vikarna]] along with seven Kaurava brothers . In the battle that ensued, Vikarna was killed. Bhima grieved Vikarna's death by praising his noble deeds.<ref><{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Jayadratha-Vadha Parva Parva: Section CXXXVI|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07133.htm|access-date=2022-11-08|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> In this chapter, Bhima also killed [[Bahlika (Mahabharata)|Bahlika]] (Chapter 157, Verse 11)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona parva : Section 188|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01002.htm|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref> and other warriors including Nagadatta, Dridharatha, Mahabahu, Ayobhuja, Dridha, Suhastha, Viraja, Pramathi, Ugra, and Anuyayi (Chapter 157, Verse 16).<ref name=":1" />

On the 15th day of the war, Bhima attacked [[Duryodhana]] and defeated him after a fierce exchange.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07162.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Ghatotkacha-badha Parva: Section CLXV}}</ref> Bhima's son [[Ghatotkacha]] was killed by Karna, leading to Bhima lament over his death.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona parva : Section 188|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07185.htm|access-date=2021-08-11}}</ref> Bhima then killed the elephant named Ashvatthama as part of a strategic deception to spread the false news that Drona's son, [[Ashwatthama|Ashvatthama]], had been killed (Chapter 190, Verse 15). This ruse led to Drona's surrender and eventual downfall. Bhima then fought against the [[Narayanastra]], a celestial weapon deployed by Ashvatthama (Chapter 199, Verse 45). During this encounter, Bhima's charioteer was killed (Chapter 199, Verse 45).<ref name=":1" /> Bhima was the only warrior who refused to submit to the invincible Narayanastra weapon and had to dragged to his safety by [[Arjuna]] and [[Krishna]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07197.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Drona-vadha Parva: Section CCI}}</ref>

====Karna Parva (16th-17th days)====
[[File:Bhima drinks blood.jpg|thumb|A print showing Bhima drinking Dushasana's blood, by Dharmik Picture House Lahore, 1930s]]
In the [[Karna Parva]], Bhima killed Kshemadhurti, the King of Kalata, in another battle (Chapter 12, Verse 25). He then fought Ashvatthama, but was struck down unconscious in this encounter (Chapter 15). Bhima killed Bhanusena, the son of [[Karna]], in a subsequent duel (Chapter 48, Verse 27). He then killed Vivitsu, Vikata, Sama, Kratha, Nanda, and Upananda in another engagement (Chapter 51, Verse 12).<ref name=":1" />

Bhima once again defeated [[Duryodhana]] in battle (Chapter 61, Verse 53). During this phase of the war, he took upon himself the responsibility of the battle's outcome and directed Arjuna to guard Yudhishthira (Chapter 65, Verse 10). Bhima also defeated [[Shakuni]] in combat (Chapter 81, Verse 24). He engaged Duryodhana in another fierce encounter (Chapters 82 and 83).<ref name=":1" />

In a critical moment of the war, Bhima killed [[Dushasana]], fulfilling his vow and symbolically drinking the blood from Dushasana's chest after ripping out his limbs and tearing his chest open. (Chapter 83, Verse 28).<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section LXXXVIII|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m08/m08083.htm}}</ref> Following this, Bhima killed ten more sons of Dhritarashtra: Nisangi, Kavaci, Pasi, Dandadhara, Dhanurgraha, Alolupa, Sala, Sandha, Vatavega, and Suvarcas (Chapter 84, Verse 2).Bhima continued his assault on the Kaurava forces, killing 25,000 infantrymen single-handedly in one engagement (Chapter 93, Verse 28).<ref name=":1" />

====Shalya Parva (18th day)====
[[File:Bhima hurled his mace with fury.jpg|left|thumb|An illustration by Evelyn Paul depicting the mace duel between Bhima and Duryodhana, c. 1913]]
In the [[Shalya Parva]], Bhima defeated [[Kritavarma]] in combat (Chapter 11, Verse 45). He then fought [[Shalya]] in a club fight (Chapter 12, Verse 12). Bhima once again defeated [[Duryodhana]] (Chapter 16, Verse 42). In a subsequent battle, he killed the charioteer and horses of Shalya (Chapter 17, Verse 27).
Bhima then killed another 25,000 infantrymen (Chapter 19, Verse 49). He targeted the sons of Dhritarashtra, killing eleven more of them: Durmarshana, Shrutanta, Jaitra, Bhuribala, Ravi, Jayatsena, Sujata, Durvisha, Durvimocana, Duspradharsha, and Shrutavarma (Chapter 27, Verse 49).<ref name=":1" />

In the climactic battle of the war, Bhima engaged Duryodhana in a mace duel. [[Duryodhana]] had gone and hid under a lake. The [[Pandava|Pandavas]] brothers and [[Krishna]] thus went to the lake and taunted Duryodhana off his refuge. Yudhishthira proposed a final challenge to Duryodhana, to a battle against any of the Pandavas under any weapon of Duryodhana's desire. [[Yudhishthira]] also promised Duryodhana that should he win, he would reign as the next King of Hastinapura. After given the option to choose the opponent, Duryodhana chose Bhima as his opponent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section XXXII |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09032.htm}}</ref>

Though Bhima had superior strength, Duryodhana had superior skills. Krishna reminded Arjuna about Bhima's oath to smash Duryodhana's thigh during the duel. Arjuna signaled to Bhima by slapping his thigh. Understanding that sign, Bhima threw his mace towards Duryodhana's thigh while the latter was in mid-air during a jump.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 58 |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09058.htm}}</ref> After defeating Duryodhana, Bhima taunted Duryodhana by kicking his head repeatedly and dancing madly.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 59 |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09059.htm}}</ref> Enraged at this sight, [[Balarama]] grabbing his plough attempted to attack Bhima, but was stopped by Krishna. Krishna convinced his brother by reminding him of Bhima's oath and the encroaching onset of the Kali Yuga.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 60 |url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09060.htm}}</ref>

===Later years and death===
[[File:The blind Dhritarashtra attacks the statue of Bhima.jpg|thumb|The blind Dhritarashtra attacks the statue of Bhima, from [[Razmnama]] manuscript, c. 1616 - 1617]]
After the [[Kurukshetra War]], Bhima played a significant role in the events that followed. He pursued [[Ashwatthama|Ashvatthama]], who had killed [[Upapandavas|Draupadi's sons]] (including Bhima's son Sutasoma) in a night raid on the Pandava camp (Sauptika Parva, Chapter 13, Verse 16). After Ashwatthama was subdued and his powerful gem was taken from him, Bhima presented the gem to [[Draupadi]] (Sauptika Parva, Chapter 16, Verse 26), consoling her. Later, Bhima apologised to [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], the mother of the [[Kaurava|Kauravas]] (Stri Parva, Chapter 15), and [[Dhritarashtra]], who attempted to kill him by crushing him in a bear hug. Krishna intervened by replacing Bhima with a metal statue, and Dhritarashtra's rage was appeased when he shattered the statue, allowing him to partially forgive him.<ref name=":1" />

When [[Yudhishthira]] expressed a desire to renounce the world and take up the life of a sannyasin, Bhima urged Yudhishthira to remain on the throne (Shanti Parva, Chapter 19). Yudhishthira appointed Bhima as the commander-in-chief of Hastinapura. (Shanti Parva, Chapter 41, Verse 9)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a041.htm|title=Mahabharata Text}}</ref> and settled him in the palace that had belonged to Duryodhana (Shanti Parva, Chapter 44, Verse 6). During the [[Ashvamedha|Ashvamedha Yajna]] conducted by Yudhishthira, Bhima took on the responsibility of measuring the sacrificial ground alongside the Brahmins (Ashvamedha Parva, Chapter 88, Verse 6). During this period, [[Babruvahana|Babhruvahana]], a son of [[Arjuna]], visited Bhima, who sent him back with gifts of money and food grains (Ashvamedha Parva, Chapter 88, Verse 6).   Bhima initially opposed Dhritarashtra's request for funds to perform riyuals for those who had died in the war, but agreed after persuasions from Dhritarashta and Yudhishthira (Ashramavasika Parva, Chapter 11, Verse 7). After Dhritarashtra, Gandhari, and [[Kunti]] retired to the forest, Bhima visited them once (Ashramavasika Parva, Chapter 23).<ref name=":1" />

After almost three decades, upon the onset of the ''[[Kali Yuga]]'', the [[Pandava|Pandavas]] delegated the administration of the kingdom to [[Parikshit]], and embarked on their final journeyto the [[Himalayas]]. During the journey, [[Draupadi]], [[Sahadeva]], [[Nakula]], and [[Arjuna]] each succumbed to death in succession. Bhima inquired about the cause of these deaths, and Yudhishthira provided him with appropriate explanations. When Bhima himself was on the verge of death, he questioned the reason, and Yudhishthira attributed it to Bhima's [[gluttony]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m17/m17002.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section II}}</ref> In some versions of the story, Yudhishthira points out Bhima's boastfulness, gluttony, and battle-lust as the reasons for his fall. Bhima is seen among the [[Maruts]] and sitting next to his father [[Vayu]], when Yudhisthira ascended to [[Svarga]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m18/m18004.htm|title = The Mahabharata, Book 18: Svargarohanika Parva: Section IV}}</ref>