Editing Benedictines (section)

===France===
[[File:Eglise abbatiale Saint-Benoit - Ensemble sud - Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire - Médiathèque de l'architecture et du patrimoine - APMH00003809.jpg|thumb|[[Fleury Abbey|Abbatiale Saint-Benoit]], southern aspect as in 1893]]
[[File:Basilique Saint-Martin d'Ainay I.jpg|thumb|Basilica of Saint-Martin d'Ainay]]
[[Fleury Abbey]] in [[Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire]], [[Loiret]] was founded in about 640.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Butler|first=Alban|title=The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints, Volume 3|year=1845|location=Dublin|pages=218}}</ref> It is one of the most celebrated Benedictine monasteries of Western Europe, and possesses the relics of St. Benedict. Like many Benedictine abbeys it was located on the banks of a river, here the [[Loire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abbaye-fleury.com/index2.htm |title=Abbaye de Fleury |access-date=2010-06-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816070746/http://www.abbaye-fleury.com/index2.htm |archive-date=2010-08-16 }}</ref> Ainey Abbey is a ninth century foundation on the [[Lyon]] peninsula. In the twelfth century on the current site there was a [[Romanesque architecture|romanesque monastery]], subsequently rebuilt.

The seventeenth century saw a number of Benedictine foundations for women, some dedicated to the indigent to save them from a life of exploitation, others dedicated to the [[Perpetual Adoration]] of the [[Blessed Sacrament]] such as the one established by [[Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament|Catherine de Bar]] (1614–1698).<ref name=silver>[https://www.cenacleosb.org/mother-mectilde "Mother Mectilde De Bar", Silverstream Priory]</ref> In 1688 Dame Mechtilde de Bar assisted [[Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien]], queen consort of Poland, to establish a Benedictine foundation in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{Cite web | url =https://www.mechtylda.info/zyciorys/fundacja-w-warszawie/ | title = Fundacja w Warszawie| author = | website =mechtylda.info | date = 18 December 2013| language =pl | access-date = 2020-09-02}}</ref>

Abbeys were among the institutions of the Catholic Church swept away during the [[French Revolution]]. Monasteries and convents were again allowed to form in the 19th century under the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]. Later that century, under the [[Third French Republic]], laws were enacted preventing religious teaching. The original intent was to allow secular schools. Thus in 1880 and 1882, Benedictine teaching monks were effectively exiled; this was not completed until 1901.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.st-benoit-du-lac.com/histoire1/history1.html|title=History I|publisher=st-benoit-du-lac.com|access-date=|archive-date = 30 March 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090330145729/http://www.st-benoit-du-lac.com/histoire1/history1.html}}</ref><ref name="Chadwick1998">{{cite book |last= Chadwick|first=Owen |title=A History of the Popes, 1830–1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk1KzHS1IagC&pg=PA495|year=1998|publisher=Clarendon Press |isbn= 978-0-19-826922-9|pages=495–}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ryde.shalfleet.net/wootton_and_quarr.htm Wootton and Fishbourne]. Ryde.shalfleet.net (4 August 2013). Retrieved on 7 September 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.citeaux.net/assisi2005/delivrance-eng.htm RGM 2005 OCSO]. Citeaux.net (28 February 1947). Retrieved on 7 September 2013.</ref>

In 1898 Marie-Adèle Garnier, in religion, Mother Marie de Saint-Pierre, founded in [[Montmartre]] (''Mount of the Martyr''), [[Paris]] a Benedictine house.<ref>[http://www.tyburnconvent.org.uk/foundress/foundress.html Tyburn Foundress] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205020044/http://www.tyburnconvent.org.uk/foundress/foundress.html |date=5 February 2012 }} at Tyburn Convent official website. Retrieved 23 February 2012</ref> However, the [[René Waldeck-Rousseau|Waldeck-Rousseau]]'s ''Law of Associations'', passed in 1901, placed severe restrictions on religious bodies which were obliged to leave France. Garnier and her community relocated to another place associated with executions, this time it was in [[London]], near the site of [[Tyburn#Tyburn gallows|Tyburn tree]] where 105 Catholic martyrs—including [[Oliver Plunkett|Saint Oliver Plunkett]] and [[Edmund Campion|Saint Edmund Campion]] had been executed during the [[English Reformation]]. A stone's throw from [[Marble Arch]], the [[Adorers of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre|Tyburn Convent]] is now the Mother House of the Congregation.<ref>[http://www.tyburnconvent.org.uk/martyrs/martyrs_main.html Tyburn Martyrs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121100511/http://www.tyburnconvent.org.uk/martyrs/martyrs_main.html |date=21 January 2012 }} at Tyburn Convent official website. Retrieved 23 February 2012</ref>