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===Spanish and Mexican === In the late 18th century, when the area was associated with a large amount of land situated along the lower basin of the Rio Hondo area in Los Angeles County, Bell Gardens was once a bustling agricultural center for [[Californios]] during the [[Spanish Empire]], 1509–1823, the [[Mexico|Mexican]] government, 1823–1848, and the [[United States]], after the [[Mexican-American War]] concluded in 1848. Among those early [[Spain|Spanish]] settlers was one of California's first families, the Lugos. While stationed at [[Mission San Antonio de Padua]] near [[Salinas, California]], Francisco Lugo's son [[José del Carmen Lugo#Antonio Maria Lugo|Antonio Maria Lugo]] was born in 1783. In 1810 Antonio Lugo, a 35-year-old corporal in the Spanish army, was given the {{convert|29514|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Rancho San Antonio (Lugo)|Rancho San Antonio]] land grant. The land grant was a reward for his military service during the establishment of the Franciscan Missions in California while being the attendant of colonization for the area. Today, the grant includes the cities of Bell Gardens, [[Bell, California|Bell]], [[Maywood, California|Maywood]], [[Vernon, California|Vernon]], [[Huntington Park, California|Huntington Park]], [[Walnut Park, California|Walnut Park]], [[Cudahy, California|Cudahy]], [[South Gate, California|South Gate]], [[Lynwood, California|Lynwood]] and [[Commerce, California|Commerce]]. Antonio Lugo built several adobe homes within the boundaries of the Rancho San Antonio grant, and raised cattle. One of the adobe houses, built in 1795, is the oldest house in Los Angeles County and is still standing at 7000 Gage Avenue. Lugo was given a term as Mayor of [[Los Angeles]]. According to Dr. Roy Whitehead in his book Lugo, "Don Antonio Maria Lugo…rode around Los Angeles and his Rancho San Antonio in great splendor. He never adopted American dress, culture or language and still spoke only Spanish. He rode magnificent horses, sitting in his $1,500 silver trimmed saddle erect and stately, with his sword strapped to the saddle beneath his left leg…People knew him far and wide, and even the Indians sometimes named their children after him, as he was one Spanish Don that they admired." Antonio María Lugo died at the age of 85 in 1860.
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