Editing Belgrade (section)

===Antiquity===
{{See also|Serbia in the Roman era}}
[[File:Guardian of the city.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|[[Belgrade Fortress]], built during a long period of time from the 2nd to the 18th century, located on the confluence of the two rivers Sava and [[Danube]]]]
Evidence of early knowledge about Belgrade's geographical location comes from a variety of ancient myths and legends. The ridge overlooking the confluence of the [[Sava]] and [[Danube]] rivers, for example, has been identified as one of the places in the story of [[Jason]] and the [[Argonauts]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7RWayXdH0UC&pg=PA3 |title=Belgrade A Cultural History |access-date=16 January 2016 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=9780199704521 |date=29 October 2008 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416091412/https://books.google.com/books?id=b7RWayXdH0UC&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/2259344/Jason-and-the-Argonauts-sail-again.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/2259344/Jason-and-the-Argonauts-sail-again.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Jason and the Argonauts sail again |access-date=16 January 2016 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In the time of antiquity, too, the area was populated by [[Prehistory of Southeastern Europe|Paleo-Balkan tribes]], including the [[Thracians]] and the [[Dacians]], who ruled much of Belgrade's surroundings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs/Belgrade-Fortress-history_2178-74_2176 |title=Belgrade Fortress history |access-date=18 January 2011 |publisher=Public Enterprise "Belgrade Fortress" |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905092854/http://www.beogradskatvrdjava.co.rs/Belgrade-Fortress-history_2178-74_2176 |archive-date=5 September 2011}}</ref> Specifically, Belgrade was at one point inhabited by the Thraco-Dacian tribe Singi;<ref name="city of belgrade-3"/> following [[Gallic invasion of Balkans|Celtic invasion]] in 279 BC, the [[Scordisci]] wrested the city from their hands, naming it ''Singidūn'' (''d|ūn'', fortress).<ref name="city of belgrade-3"/> In 34–33 BC, the Roman army reached Belgrade. It became the [[Roman Empire|romanised]] ''[[Singidunum]]'' in the 1st century AD and, by the mid-2nd century, the city was proclaimed a ''[[municipium]]'' by the Roman authorities, evolving into a full-fledged ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]'' (the highest city class) by the end of the century.<ref name="rich-1992">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_uMP91pRf0UC&pg=PA113 |title=The City in Late Antiquity |last=Rich |first=John |page=113 |publisher=CRC Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-203-13016-2 |access-date=1 October 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416093705/https://books.google.com/books?id=_uMP91pRf0UC&pg=PA113 |url-status=live }}</ref> While the first Christian [[Roman Emperor|Emperor of Rome]]—[[Constantine I]], also known as [[Constantine the Great]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109633/Constantine-I |title=Constantine I – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Britannica.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618100901/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109633/Constantine-I |archive-date=18 June 2008 |url-status=live |access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref>—was born in the territory of [[Naissus]] to the city's south, Roman Christianity's champion, Flavius Iovianus (Jovian/Jovan), was born in Singidunum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://artfl.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.25:1:283.harpers |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070813044518/http://artfl.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.25:1:283.harpers |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 August 2007 |title=Philologic Results- |publisher=The ARTFL Project |access-date=7 July 2009}}</ref> Jovian reestablished Christianity as the official religion of the [[Roman Empire]], ending the brief revival of [[Religion in ancient Rome|traditional Roman religions]] under his predecessor [[Julian the Apostate]]. In 395&nbsp;AD, the site passed to the Eastern Roman or [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172 |title=History (Ancient Period) |publisher=Beograd.rs |access-date=10 July 2007 |archive-date=16 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216090323/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172 |url-status=live }}</ref> Across the Sava from Singidunum was the Celtic city of [[Zemun|Taurunum (Zemun)]]; the two were connected with a bridge throughout Roman and Byzantine times.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172 |title=City of Belgrade – Ancient Period |publisher=Beograd.rs |date=5 October 2000 |access-date=7 July 2009 |archive-date=16 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216090323/http://www.beograd.rs/cms/view.php?id=201172 |url-status=live }}</ref>