Editing Belgian Blue (section)

== Breed problems ==

Double-muscled cows routinely experience [[dystocia]] – difficulty in parturition – even when bred to normal beef bulls or dairy bulls, because of a narrower birth canal;{{r|norm|page=256}} the birth weight and width of the calf also may be higher than in animals without the double-muscling gene.<ref name=Kambadur /> Calves are commonly born by [[Caesarean section]]; cows may be able to survive five or six deliveries of this type.{{r|norm|p=256|felius|p2=110}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Educational Vet Video|title=Video of Cow Caesarean Section|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2HJNAgoels| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211123/Z2HJNAgoels| archive-date=2021-11-23 | url-status=live|work=VetPulse TV in Practice|date=May 2009 |publisher=YouTube|access-date=30 December 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> 

In bulls, testicular weight and [[semen]] quantity and quality are lower than in other cattle, perhaps because of the greater amount of connective tissue in the testicles.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoflack |first1=G. |last2=Van den Broeck |first2=W. |last3=Maes |first3=D. |last4=Van Damme |first4=K. |last5=Opsomer |first5=G. |last6=Duchateau |first6=L. |last7=de Kruif |first7=A. |last8=Rodriguez-Martinez |first8=H. |last9=Van Soom |first9=A. |title=Testicular dysfunction is responsible for low sperm quality in Belgian Blue bulls |journal=Theriogenology |date=1 February 2008 |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=323–332 |doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.09.034 |pmid=18023470 }}</ref> however this is less of an issue when compared to the dam's difficulties in calving.<ref name="De Smet" />