Editing Battle of the Dunes (1658) (section)

==Aftermath==
Following his victory, Turenne took Dunkirk and advanced, capturing a series of towns and fortresses including Furnes, Dixmunde, Gravelines, Ypres and Oudenarde.{{sfn|Longueville|1907|p=267}} The victory at the Battle of the Dunes and its consequences would lead to the end of ten years of war with the signing of [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]]. By this treaty France gained [[Roussillon]] and [[Perpignan]], [[Thionville]], [[Montmédy]] and other parts of [[Luxembourg]], Artois and towns in [[Flanders]], including Arras, [[Béthune]] and [[Gravelines]], and a new border with Spain was fixed at the Pyrenees.{{sfn|Maland|1991|p=227}} The 1659 treaty also required the Spanish king to recognise and confirm all French gains in the 1648 [[Peace of Westphalia]].{{sfn|Maland|1991|p=227}}

The defeat of the Spanish relief force and the taking of Dunkirk ended the immediate prospect of a Royalist expedition to England. Dunkirk surrendered to French forces ten days after the battle on 24 June, and [[Cardinal Mazarin]] honoured the terms of the treaty with [[Oliver Cromwell]] and handed the port over to the [[English Commonwealth|Commonwealth]].{{sfn|Firth|1898|p=86}} The campaign of the English contingent in Flanders did not end with the battle of the Dunes and the capture of Dunkirk. Part of the English contingent was left to garrison Dunkirk and Mardyke under the command of Sir William Lockhart, while the rest, under Sir Thomas Morgan, continued to serve with Turenne's army in the field.

While the French received all of [[Artois]], England had eliminated the greatest Spanish privateering base{{sfn|Rodger|2004|p=29}} with the result that merchant shipping losses were much reduced.{{sfn|Capp|1989|p=103}} Cromwell died two months after the battle and was succeeded by his son's protectorship, which ended nine months later, and the Commonwealth fell into confusion, whereupon Charles II returned to the throne in May 1660. Charles would sell Dunkirk back to the French in 1662 for £320,000.