Editing Battle Mountain, Nevada (section)

===Geology===
Copper mining started in 1866 and the Copper Canyon Mine operated from 1917 until 1955.  The Tomboy-Minnie [[ore]] deposits were developed after the depletion of the West ore body, which was developed after the depletion of the East ore body.  [[Open-pit mining]] started in 1967.  [[Placer gold]] was discovered in 1912.  Mining switched from the copper-gold-silver ores to gold-silver ores in 1979.  The Fortitude gold-silver [[skarn]] body was discovered in 1981.  The Surprise gold deposit was discovered in 1986.<ref name=Theodore>{{Cite book |author1=Ted G. Theodore |author2=Stephen S. Howe |author3=David W. Blake  |name-list-style=amp |title=The Tomboy-Minnie Gold Deposits at Copper Canyon, Lander County, Nevada in USGS Bulletin 1857 Gold in Copper Porphyry Copper Systems |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |year=1990 |page=E43-E55}}</ref>

The economic geologic zone is primarily in the Antler [[Sequence (geology)|Sequence]], consisting of the [[Middle Pennsylvanian]] Battle [[formation (geology)|Formation]], the Pennsylvanian to [[Permian]] Antler Peak [[Limestone]], and the Permian Edna Mountain Formation.  These [[Paleozoic]] rocks were [[intruded]] in the [[Tertiary]] by a [[granodiorite]] [[porphyry (geology)|porphyry]] which generated the ore bodies as zones of disseminated [[sulfide minerals]].  These zones include copper-gold-silver next to the granodiorite, followed by a gold-silver zone, then a lead-zinc-silver zone.<ref name=Theodore/>
<gallery class="center" widths="180px">
File:Battle Mtn Au & Cu mines.jpg|Gold and copper mines in the Battle Mountain Mining District. As of 2019, the mines are operated by Newmont Goldcorp as the Phoenix Mine.
File:Battle Mountain Geology.PNG|Battle Mountain Geology Map
File:Battle Mountain Geology Index.PNG|Battle Mountain Geology Map Index
</gallery>