Editing Batch processing (section)

===Third-generation systems===
{{clarify|reason=Identify what became ubiquitous in the 3rd generation but originated in the 2nd.|text=[[Third-generation computer]]s|date=March 2022}}<ref>{{cite news  |newspaper=[[The Register]]
   |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/04/07/ibm_s_360_50_anniversary
   |title=Why won't you DIE? IBM's S/360 and its legacy at 50
   |date=April 7, 2014}}</ref> capable of [[multiprogramming]] began to appear in the 1960s. Instead of running one batch job at a time, these systems can have multiple batch programs running at the same time in order to keep the system as busy as possible. One or more programs might be awaiting input, one actively running on the CPU, and others generating output. Instead of offline input and output, programs called [[spooler]]s read jobs from cards, disk, or remote terminals and place them in a [[batch queue|job queue]] to be run. In order to prevent [[deadlock (computer science)|deadlock]]s the [[job scheduler]] needs to know each job's resource requirements—memory, magnetic tapes, mountable [[disk storage|disks]], etc., so various scripting languages were developed to supply this information in a structured way. Probably the most well-known is IBM's ''[[Job Control Language]]'' (JCL). Job schedulers select jobs to run according to a variety of criteria, including priority, memory size, etc.  [[Remote job entry|Remote batch]] is a procedure for submitting batch jobs from remote terminals, often equipped with a [[punch card reader]] and a [[line printer]].<ref>{{cite web  |website=BitSavers
   |url=http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/terminal/82128000_200_User_Terminal_Hardware_Reference_Jul68.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://bitsavers.org/pdf/cdc/terminal/82128000_200_User_Terminal_Hardware_Reference_Jul68.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live
   |title=CDC User Terminal Hardware Reference manual}}</ref> Sometimes [[asymmetric multiprocessing]] is used to spool batch input and output for one or more large computers using an attached smaller and less-expensive system, as in the IBM System/360 [[Attached Support Processor]].{{efn|Use of satellite computers for this purpose began earlier, e.g., in IBM [[IBM 7090#7094/7044 Direct Coupled System|7094/7044 Direct Coupled System]].}}