Editing Barter (section)

===David Graeber's theory===
Anthropologists such as [[David Graeber]] have argued, in contrast, "that when something resembling barter ''does'' occur in stateless societies it is almost always between strangers."<ref>{{cite book|last=Graeber|first=David|title=Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The False Coin of our Dreams|url=https://libcom.org/article/toward-anthropological-theory-value-false-coin-our-own-dreams-david-graeber|url-access=limited|year=2001|publisher=Palgrave|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/towardanthropolo00grae_424/page/n168 154]}}</ref> Barter occurred between strangers, not fellow villagers, and hence cannot be used to naturalistically explain the origin of money without the state. Since most people engaged in trade knew each other, exchange was fostered through the extension of credit.<ref name="Humphrey-p48">{{cite journal|last=Humphrey|first=Caroline|title=Barter and Economic Disintegration|journal=Man|year=1985|volume=20|issue=1|pages=48–72|doi=10.2307/2802221|jstor=2802221}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Graeber|first=David|title=Debt: the first 5,000 years|url=https://archive.org/details/debtfirst5000yea00grae|url-access=registration|year=2011|publisher=Melville House|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/debtfirst5000yea00grae/page/40 40–41]|isbn=9781933633862}}</ref> [[Marcel Mauss]], author of '[[The Gift (Mauss book)|The Gift]]', argued that the first economic contracts were to ''not'' act in one's economic self-interest, and that before money, exchange was fostered through the processes of reciprocity and [[redistribution (cultural anthropology)|redistribution]], not barter.<ref>{{cite book|last=Graeber|first=David|title=Toward an Anthropological Theory of Value: The false coin of our own dreams|url=https://archive.org/details/towardanthropolo00grae_424|url-access=limited|year=2001|publisher=Palgrave|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/towardanthropolo00grae_424/page/n167 153]–4}}</ref> Everyday exchange relations  in such societies are characterized by generalized reciprocity, or a non-calculative familial "communism" where each takes according to their needs, and gives as they have.<ref>{{cite book|last=Graeber|first=David|title=Debt: The First 5,000 Years|url=https://archive.org/details/debtfirst5000yea00grae|url-access=registration|year=2011|publisher=Melville House|location=Brooklyn, NY|pages=[https://archive.org/details/debtfirst5000yea00grae/page/94 94–102]|isbn=9781933633862}}</ref>