Editing Badajoz (section)

===Founding to Middle Ages===
[[File:Ibn Marwan.JPG|thumb|left|upright|Statue of [[Ibn Marwan]] in Badajoz]]
Badajoz attained importance during the reign of Moorish rulers such as the [[Umayyad]] caliphs of [[Córdoba, Andalusia|Córdoba]], and the [[Almoravids]] and [[Almohads]] of North Africa. From the 8th century, the Umayyad dynasty controlled the region until the early 11th century.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|La Boda|1995|p=73}} The official foundation of Badajoz was laid by the Muladi nobleman [[Ibn Marwan]], around 875,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aytobadajoz.es/es/ayto/historia|title=Historia (History)|language=es|access-date=22 July 2013|publisher=Ayuntamiento de Badajoz|archive-date=January 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115135230/https://www.aytobadajoz.es/es/ayto/historia|url-status=live}}</ref> after he had been expelled from Mérida.{{sfn|O'Callaghan|1983|p=113}} Under Ibn Marwan, the city was the seat of an effective autonomous rebel state which was quenched only in the 10th century. In 1021 (or possibly 1031{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=181}}), it became the capital of a small Muslim kingdom, the [[Taifa of Badajoz]];{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|La Boda|1995|p=72}} with some 25,000 inhabitants.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|La Boda|1995|p=73}} Badajoz was known as ''Baṭalyaws'' ({{langx|ar|بَطَلْيَوْس}}) during Muslim rule, from which its present name gradually evolved. The invasion of Badajoz by Christian rulers in 1086 under [[Alfonso VI of León]], overturned the rule of the [[Moors]]. In addition to an invasion by the Almoravids of Morocco in 1092, Badajoz was later invaded by the Almohads in 1147.{{Sfn|Ring|Salkin|La Boda|1995|p=74}}

Badajoz was captured by [[Alfonso IX of León]] on 19 March 1230.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.turismobadajoz.es/es/accordion-a/iglesias-y-conventos/item/65-convento-de-san-jos%C3%A9-adoratrices|title=Convento de San José (Adoratrices)|publisher=Turismobadajoz.es|language=es|access-date=12 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128120056/http://www.turismobadajoz.es/es/accordion-a/iglesias-y-conventos/item/65-convento-de-san-jos%C3%A9-adoratrices|archive-date=November 28, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Shortly after its conquest, in the time of [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X the Wise of Castile]], a [[Episcopal see|bishopric see]] was established and work was initiated on the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista. In 1336, during the reign of [[Alfonso XI of Castile]], the troops of King [[Afonso IV of Portugal]] besieged the city.{{sfn|O'Callaghan|Kagay|Vann|1998|p=154}} However, soon afterwards,{{sfn|O'Callaghan|Kagay|Vann|1998|p=154}} the Castilian-Leonese troops, which included [[Pedro Ponce de León the Elder]] and [[Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Coronel]], second lord of [[Sanlúcar de Barrameda]] and son of [[Alonso Pérez de Guzmán]], defeated the troops of Afonso IV in the [[Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota]]. Their victory forced the king of Portugal to desert the city and it fell into neglect.

In medieval times, the Sánchez de Badajoz family dominated the area as the lords of [[Barcarrota]], near Badajoz, acquiring the property in 1369 when it was granted to [[Fernán Sánchez de Badajoz]] by [[Henry II of Castile|Enrique II]].{{sfn|Gallagher|1968|p=8}} They temporarily lost Barcarrota to the Portuguese but soon regained control. Fernán Sánchez's grandson of the same name, son of Garci Sánchez de Badajoz, was both lord of Barcarrota and Mayor of Badajoz in 1434.{{sfn|Gallagher|1968|p=8}} [[Garci Sánchez de Badajoz]], probably his son, was a notable writer, and one of his descendants, [[Diego Sánchez de Badajoz]], was also a notable playwright; his ''Recopilación en metro'' was published posthumously in 1554.{{sfn|Wiltrout|1987|p=65}}
[[File:Luis de Morales 001.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[Luis de Morales]] painting ''Mother and Child'']]
From the 11th century-1492, a [[Jewish]] community existed in Badajoz.<ref>{{cite web |title=Badajoz, Spain |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/badajoz# |website=Jewish Virtual Library |access-date=25 June 2024}}</ref>

The first hospital was founded in the town by Bishop Fray Pedro de Silva in 1485.{{sfn|Díaz y Pérez|1887|p=551}} Those affected by the plague epidemic were treated here in 1506. During the 16th century the city experienced a cultural renaissance thanks to personalities such as the painter [[Luis de Morales]], the composer [[Juan Vásquez (composer)|Juan Vázquez]], the humanist [[Rodrigo Dosma]], the poet Joaquin Romero de Cepeda, the playwright [[Diego Sánchez de Badajoz]], the Dominican mystic [[Fray Luis de Granada]] and architect [[Gaspar Méndez]]. In 1524, a board meeting between representatives of Spain and Portugal took place in the Old Town Hall in the city to clarify the status of their territorial arrangements, attended by [[Ferdinand Columbus|Hernando Colón]], [[Juan Vespucio]], [[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Sebastián Caboto]], [[Juan Sebastián Elcano]], [[Diogo Ribeiro (cartographer)|Diego Ribeiro]] and [[Esteban Gómez]].{{sfn|Vallín|1899|p=93}} 

With reason to assert their rights to the Portuguese Crown, [[Philip II of Spain]] briefly moved his court to Badajoz in August 1580. Queen [[Anne of Austria, Queen of Spain|Anne of Austria]] died in the city two months later, and on 5 December 1580, Philip moved out of the city.{{sfn|Deutscher|2013|p=36}}{{sfn|Danvers|1988|p=39}} From 1580 until 1640, as a result of the absence of war, the city flourished once again. According to the historian Vicente Navarro del Castillo, some 428 residents of Badajoz contributed to the Spanish conquest of the Americas, including conquistadors [https://www.marcialpons.es/libros/fuentes-del-archivo-general-de-indias-para-el-estudio-del-conquistador-diego-valades/9788493960896/ Diego de Valadés],<ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.marcialpons.es/libros/fuentes-del-archivo-general-de-indias-para-el-estudio-del-conquistador-diego-valades/9788493960896/ |title=Fuentes del Archivo General de Indias para el estudio del conquistador Diego Valadés |language=es}}</ref> [[Pedro de Alvarado]], [[Luis de Moscoso]], and [[Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega y Vargas]] (father of [[Inca Garcilaso]]). In 1640, the city was attacked during the [[Portuguese Restoration War]].<ref>{{citation|author=Villalón, M. C.|title=En 1640, después de un prolongado período|publisher=Dialnet.unirioja.es|year=1988|language=es|type = PDF}}</ref>