Editing Back pain (section)

=== Nonspecific ===
In as many as 90 percent of cases, no physiological causes or abnormalities on diagnostic tests can be found.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = van den Bosch MA, Hollingworth W, Kinmonth AL, Dixon AK | title = Evidence against the use of lumbar spine radiography for low back pain | journal = Clinical Radiology | volume = 59 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–76 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14697378 | doi = 10.1016/j.crad.2003.08.012 }}</ref> Nonspecific back pain can result from [[back strain]] or sprains, which can cause peripheral injury to muscle or ligaments. Many patients cannot identify the events or activities that may have caused the strain.<ref name=":4" /> The pain can present acutely but in some cases can persist, leading to chronic pain.

Chronic back pain in people with otherwise normal scans can result from [[central sensitization]], in which an initial injury causes a longer-lasting state of heightened sensitivity to pain. This persistent state maintains pain even after the initial injury has healed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woolf CJ | title = Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain | journal = Pain | volume = 152 | issue = 3 Suppl | pages = S2–15 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 20961685 | pmc = 3268359 | doi = 10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030 }}</ref> Treatment of sensitization may involve low doses of [[antidepressant]]s and directed rehabilitation such as [[physical therapy]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Verdu B, Decosterd I, Buclin T, Stiefel F, Berney A | title = Antidepressants for the treatment of chronic pain |url=http://chroniccare.rehab.washington.edu/resources/documents/antidepressantsinpain.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809084235/http://chroniccare.rehab.washington.edu/resources/documents/antidepressantsinpain.pdf |archive-date=9 August 2017 | journal = Drugs | volume = 68 | issue = 18 | pages = 2611–32 | date = 2008-01-01 | pmid = 19093703 | doi = 10.2165/0003495-200868180-00007 | s2cid = 10509699 }}</ref>