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===Early beginnings=== There are early legends of human flight such as the stories of [[Icarus]] in Greek myth, [[Jamshid]] and [[Shah]] [[Kay Kāvus]] in Persian myth,<ref>''The Sháhnáma of Firdausí''. Vol. II. (1906), pp. 103–104, verse 111. Translated by Arthur George Warner and Edmond Warner. London. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. Ltd</ref> and the flying automaton of [[Archytas]] of [[Taranto|Tarentum]] (428–347 BC).{{sfn|Berliner|1996|p=28}} Later, somewhat more credible claims of short-distance human flights appear, such as the winged flights of [[Abbas ibn Firnas]] (810–887, recorded in the 17th century), [[Eilmer of Malmesbury]] (11th century, recorded in the 12th century), and the hot-air Passarola of [[Bartholomeu Lourenço de Gusmão]] (1685–1724).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunha |first=Rudnei Dias Da |date=2023-03-07 |title=Bartolomeu Lourenço de Gusmão: Brazilian Aeronautics Pioneer |url=https://www.laahs.com/brazilian-pioneer/#:~:text=The%20Brazilian%20priest,%20Bartolomeu%20Louren%C3%A7o%20de%20Gusm%C3%A3o,%20is,capable%20of%20taking%20a%20man%20to%20the%20air |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=LAAHS |language=en-US}}</ref>
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