Editing Authentication (section)

=== Packaging ===
Packaging and labeling can be engineered to help reduce the risks of counterfeit consumer goods or the theft and resale of products.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Eliasson |first=C |author2=Matousek |date=2007 |title=Noninvasive Authentication of Pharmaceutical Products through Packaging Using Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy |journal=Analytical Chemistry |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=1696–1701 |doi=10.1021/ac062223z |pmid=17297975}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Li |first=Ling |date=March 2013 |title=Technology designed to combat fakes in the global supply chain |journal=Business Horizons |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=167–177 |doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2012.11.010}}</ref> Some package constructions are more difficult to copy and some have pilfer indicating seals. Counterfeit goods, unauthorized sales (diversion), material substitution and tampering can all be reduced with these anti-counterfeiting technologies. Packages may include authentication seals and use [[security printing]] to help indicate that the package and contents are not counterfeit; these too are subject to counterfeiting. Packages also can include anti-theft devices, such as dye-packs, [[Radio-frequency identification|RFID]] tags, or [[electronic article surveillance]]<ref>[http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/anti-shoplifting-device.htm How Anti-shoplifting Devices Work"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427081528/http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/anti-shoplifting-device.htm|date=2006-04-27}}, HowStuffWorks.com</ref> tags that can be activated or detected by devices at exit points and require specialized tools to deactivate. Anti-counterfeiting technologies that can be used with packaging include:
* [[Taggant]] fingerprinting – uniquely coded microscopic materials that are verified from a database
* Encrypted micro-particles – unpredictably placed markings (numbers, layers and colors) not visible to the human eye
* [[Hologram]]s – graphics printed on seals, patches, foils or labels and used at the point of sale for visual verification
* Micro-printing – second-line authentication often used on currencies
* Serialized [[barcode]]s
* UV printing – marks only visible under UV light
* [[Track and trace]] systems – use codes to link products to the database tracking system
* Water indicators – become visible when contacted with water
* DNA tracking – genes embedded onto labels that can be traced
* Color-shifting ink or film – visible marks that switch colors or texture when tilted
* [[Tamper evident]] seals and tapes – destructible or graphically verifiable at point of sale
* 2d barcodes – data codes that can be tracked
* RFID chips
* [[Near-field communication|NFC]] chips