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===Ulpius Crinitus=== The existence of Ulpius Crinitus has been doubted by many [[historian]]s.<ref name=":1"/> If he did exist he would have been a ''[[dux]]'' of the [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyrian]] and [[Thracia]]n [[Roman legion|legions]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Syvänne|first=Ilkka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aE8IEAAAQBAJ&dq=aurelian+Ulpius+Crinitus+dux+illyria&pg=PT124|title=The Reign of Emperor Gallienus: The Apogee of Roman Cavalry|date=2019-05-30|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-5267-4522-4|language=en}}</ref> Ulpius was reportedly born in the city of [[Italica]], in modern [[Hispania|Spain]].<ref name=":2" /> He took an interest in Aurelian's early career.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Alaric|title=Aurelian and the Third Century|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=0-415-30187-4|location=New York|pages=113|language=en}}</ref> Aurelian was reportedly his deputy for a time. When a group of [[Crisis of the Third Century|Goths invaded]] Illyria and Thrace, Ulpius had fallen ill, so he ordered Aurelian to deal with the invaders. Aurelian was designated as [[Legatus|legate]] of the Third Legion. He used his force of 2,500 [[auxilia]]ries, and the armies of four [[Germanic kingship|Germanic chieftains]] to defeat the [[Goths]] in battle. Aurelian used the resources gained from the battles to enrich the [[Roman province|provinces]]. After the battle, Crinitus thanked [[Valerian (emperor)|Valerian]], the emperor at the time, for providing him with such a talented deputy.<ref name=":1" /> Crinitus adopted Aurelian as his heir, either voluntarily or possibly through force.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | title=ToposText| url=https://topostext.org/people/11063| access-date=2020-06-07| website=topostext.org}}</ref> Emperor Valerian attended the adoption ceremony which took place in the baths of Byzantium.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Watson|first=Alaric|title=Aurelian and the Third Century|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=0-415-30187-4|location=New York, NY|pages=172|language=en}}</ref> Following this, Crinitus disappeared from the historical record.<ref name=":1">{{harvp|White|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=muBnCwAAQBAJ&q=Ulpius+Crinitus&pg=PP48] ???}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hengst |first=Daniël den |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPLbFiJoUWAC&q=Ulpius+Crinitus&pg=PA97 |title=Emperors and Historiography: Collected Essays on the Literature of the Roman Empire by Daniël Den Hengst |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-900-417-438-2 |pages=91, 119, 204, 206 |language=en}}</ref> The Historia Augusta claims that Crinitus was portrayed, along with Aurelian, in the walls of the [[Temple of the Sun (Rome)|Temple of Sol]], ordered built by Aurelian after his successful Palmyrene campaign. However, no traces of this building remain.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LacusCurtius: Templum Solis (Platner & Ashby, 1929) |url=https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/PLATOP*/Templum_Solis.html |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=penelope.uchicago.edu}}</ref>
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