Editing Atlantic Canada (section)

=== British expansion ===
[[File:Henry Sandham - The Coming of the Loyalists.jpg|left|thumb|Painting shows romanticised view of [[United Empire Loyalist]]s arriving in New Brunswick, ca. 1783|250x250px]]Competition for control of the island of Newfoundland and its waters contributed to major ongoing conflicts and occasional wars between France and Britain.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Baehre |first=Rainer |date=2015 |title=Reconstructing Heritage and Cultural Identity in Marginalised and Hinterland Communities: Case Studies from Western Newfoundland |url=https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/ljcs/article/id/493/ |journal=London Journal of Canadian Studies |language=en |volume=30 |issue=1 |doi=10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2015v30.003 |issn=2397-0928|doi-access=free }}</ref> The first major agreement between the two powers over access to this coastline came with the [[Peace of Utrecht|Treaty of Utrecht]] of 1713,<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Hiller |first=J.K. |date=1996 |title=The Newfoundland fisheries issue in Anglo-French treaties, 1713–1904 |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03086539608582966 |journal=The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History |language=en |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1080/03086539608582966 |issn=0308-6534}}</ref> giving Britain governance over the entire island and establishing the first [[French Shore]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hiller |first=J. |date=1991 |title=Utrecht Revisited: The Origins of Fishing Rights in Newfoundland Waters |url=https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/nflds/1991-v7-n1-nflds_7_1/nflds7_1art02/ |journal=Newfoundland Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=23–40 |issn=1198-8614}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miquelon |first=Dale |date=2001 |title=Envisioning the French Empire: Utrecht, 1711-1713 |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/11904 |journal=French Historical Studies |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=653–677 |doi=10.1215/00161071-24-4-653 |issn=1527-5493}}</ref> giving France and its migratory fishery almost exclusive access to a substantial stretch of the island's coastline.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm51923070 |title=The "conquest" of Acadia, 1710: imperial, colonial, and aboriginal constructions |date=2004 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-3755-8 |editor-last=Reid |editor-first=John G. |location=Toronto ; Buffalo |oclc=ocm51923070}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Laxer |first=James |title=The Acadians in search of a homeland |date=2006 |publisher=Doubleday Canada |isbn=978-0-385-66108-9 |location=S.l.}}</ref> 

Despite reoccurring wars and conflicts, Britain acquiesced to France's demands for continuing access to this fishery.<ref name=":10" /> Between 1755 and 1764 during the [[Seven Years' War]] the British forcibly removed thousands of Acadians from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in an event known as the [[Expulsion of the Acadians|Great Expulsion]] or Le Grand Dérangement.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Grenier |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TXoCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 |title=The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710–1760 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8061-3876-3 |access-date=December 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403191603/https://books.google.com/books?id=TXoCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 |archive-date=April 3, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following the Seven Years War and the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] of 1763, Newfoundland's governor, Admiral [[Hugh Palliser]], consolidated British control by carrying out the first systematic hydrographic charting of the island,<ref>{{Cite ODNB |title=Palliser, Sir Hugh, first baronet (1723–1796), naval officer and politician |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-21165 |access-date=2024-10-06 |date=2004 |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/21165}}</ref> including the [[Bay of Islands, Newfoundland and Labrador|Bay of Islands]] and [[Humber Arm]], much of it by the Royal Naval officer [[James Cook]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |last=Janzen |first=Olaf U. |title=Showing the Flag: Hugh Palliser in Western Newfoundland, 1763-1766 |date=2013-01-01 |work=War and Trade in Eighteenth-Century Newfoundland |pages=155–172 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781927869024.003.0010 |access-date=2024-10-06 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |doi=10.5949/liverpool/9781927869024.003.0010 |isbn=978-1-927869-02-4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Harley |first=Brian |title=The Legacy of James Cook: The story of the Bay of Islands. |publisher=Robinson Blackmore |year=1998 |isbn=978-0968447604 |language=en}}</ref>

After the signing of the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1764 some of the Acadians returned and settled in the area that would become New Brunswick.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Pratson |first=Frederick |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoeasternca0000prat |title=Guide to Eastern Canada |publisher=The Globe Pequot Press |year=1995 |editor-last=Loverseed |editor-first=Helga |edition=5th |location=Old Saybrook, Connecticut |isbn=978-1-56440-635-4 |access-date=2024-10-05}}</ref> The effect of this migration can still be seen today as the province of New Brunswick is the only officially [[Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories#New Brunswick|bilingual province in Canada]] with over a quarter of residents speaking French at home.<ref>{{Cite news |last=MacKinnon |first=Bobbi-Jean |date=2023-12-11 |title=Official languages commissioner slams Higgs government over 'opportunity lost' |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/official-languages-commissioner-new-brunswick-report-2022-23-shirley-maclean-1.7055113 |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Bokhorst-Heng |first1=Wendy D. |title=Chapter 11 "I want to be bilingual!" Contested imaginings of bilingualism in New Brunswick, Canada |date=2021-11-08 |work=The Changing Face of the "Native Speaker" |pages=285–314 |editor-last=Slavkov |editor-first=Nikolay |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9781501512353-012/html |access-date=2024-10-05 |publisher=De Gruyter |doi=10.1515/9781501512353-012 |isbn=978-1-5015-1235-3 |last2=Marshall |first2=Kelle L. |editor2-last=Melo-Pfeifer |editor2-first=Sílvia |editor3-last=Kerschhofer-Puhalo |editor3-first=Nadja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Turner |first=Linda |date=2005 |title=SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE IN CANADA'S OFFICIALLY BILINGUAL PROVINCE: Challenges and Opportunities |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41669832 |journal=Canadian Social Work Review / Revue canadienne de service social |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=131–154 |jstor=41669832 |issn=0820-909X}}</ref>