Editing Astronaut (section)

===Astronaut===
[[File:Astronaut Groups 1 and 2 - S63-01419.jpg|thumb|right|The first sixteen NASA astronauts to be selected, February 1963. Back row: [[Edward H. White|White]], [[Jim McDivitt|McDivitt]], [[John Young (astronaut)|Young]], [[Elliot See|See]], [[Pete Conrad|Conrad]], [[Frank Borman|Borman]], [[Neil Armstrong|Armstrong]], [[Thomas P. Stafford|Stafford]], [[Jim Lovell|Lovell]]. Front row: [[L. Gordon Cooper|Cooper]], [[Gus Grissom|Grissom]], [[Scott Carpenter|Carpenter]], [[Wally Schirra|Schirra]], [[John Glenn|Glenn]], [[Alan Shepard|Shepard]], [[Deke Slayton|Slayton]].]]

A professional space traveler is called an ''astronaut''.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.thespacerace.com/glossary/index.php?term=54 |title = TheSpaceRace.com – Glossary of Space Exploration Terminology |access-date=28 December 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080105031754/http://www.thespacerace.com/glossary/index.php?term=54 |archive-date=5 January 2008|url-status=dead }}</ref> The first known use of the term "astronaut" in the modern sense was by [[Neil R. Jones]] in his 1930 short story "The Death's Head Meteor". The word itself had been known earlier; for example, in [[Percy Greg]]'s 1880 book ''[[Across the Zodiac]]'', "astronaut" referred to a spacecraft. In ''[[Les Navigateurs de l'infini]]'' (1925) by [[J.-H. Rosny aîné]], the word ''astronautique'' ([[astronautics]]) was used. The word may have been inspired by "aeronaut", an older term for an air traveler first applied in 1784 to [[balloon (aircraft)|balloon]]ists. An early use of "astronaut" in a non-fiction publication is [[Eric Frank Russell]]'s poem "The Astronaut", appearing in the November 1934 ''Bulletin of the [[British Interplanetary Society]]''.<ref>Ingham, John L.: ''Into Your Tent'', Plantech (2010): page 82.</ref>

The first known formal use of the term [[astronautics]] in the scientific community was the establishment of the annual [[International Astronautical Congress]] in 1950, and the subsequent founding of the [[International Astronautical Federation]] the following year.<ref name="IAFpage">{{cite web|title=IAF History |publisher=[[International Astronautical Federation]] |author=IAF |date=16 August 2010 |url=http://www.iafastro.org/index.html?title=History |access-date=16 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719102624/https://www.iafastro.org/index.html?title=History |archive-date=19 July 2011 }}</ref>

[[NASA]] applies the term astronaut to any crew member aboard NASA spacecraft bound for Earth orbit or beyond. NASA also uses the term as a title for those selected to join its [[NASA Astronaut Corps|Astronaut Corps]].<ref name="biopage">{{cite web |last = Dismukes |first = Kim – NASA Biography Page Curator |title = Astronaut Biographies |publisher = [[Johnson Space Center]], NASA |date = 15 December 2005 |url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/ |access-date = 6 March 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070307132816/http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/ |archive-date= 7 March 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[European Space Agency]] similarly uses the term astronaut for members of its [[European Astronaut Corps|Astronaut Corps]].<ref name="ESApage">{{cite web |title = The European Astronaut Corps |publisher = [[ESA]] |author=ESA |date = 10 April 2008 |url = http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESA75G0VMOC_astronauts_0.html |access-date = 28 December 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081220054618/http://www.esa.int/esaHS/ESA75G0VMOC_astronauts_0.html |archive-date= 20 December 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref>