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===Species=== ''Aspidistra'' is a genus that was largely ignored by field [[botanist]]s until the 1980s onwards, and there has been a rapid rise in the number of recognised species since then.{{sfn|ps=|Brown|2013}} Some 8 to 10 species were known in the late 1970s; 30 new species were described from China in the 1980s. Subsequently, more new species were found in Vietnam.{{sfn|ps=|Constantine|2008}} The online ''Flora of China'' uses a narrow definition of species, producing a total of about 55, saying that the genus has "never been well studied".<ref name=FoC_102857/> In 2008, Tillich provided the key to the 93 species known at that time.{{sfn|ps=|Tillich|2008}} ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' currently includes:<ref name = POWO>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:24019-1 Plants of the World Online: ''Aspidistra'' Ker Gawl. (retrieved 17 October 2021)]</ref> {{div col|colwidth=22em}} # ''[[Aspidistra acetabuliformis]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra alata]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Cao Bang) # ''[[Aspidistra albiflora]]'' <small>C.R.Lin, W.B.Xu & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra albopurpurea]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra alternativa]]'' <small>D.Fang & L.Y.Yu</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra anomala]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra arnautovii]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Hai Phong) # ''[[Aspidistra atrata]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & B.H.Quang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra atroviolacea]]'' <small>Tillich</small><br>(synonym ''A. renatae'' <small>BrΓ€uchler</small>) β Vietnam (central) # ''[[Aspidistra attenuata]]'' <small>Hayata</small> # ''[[Aspidistra australis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & W.F.Xu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra austrosinensis]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra austroyunnanensis]]'' <small>G.W.Hu, Lei Cai & Q.F.Wang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra averyanovii]]'' <small>N.S.LΓ½ & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra babensis]]'' <small>K.S.Nguyen, Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra bamaensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin, Y.Y.Liang & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra basalis]]'' <small>Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra bella]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra bicolor]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) # ''[[Aspidistra bogneri]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Ninh Binh) # ''[[Aspidistra brachypetala]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & B.Pan</small> # ''[[Aspidistra brachystyla]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> β Vietnam # ''[[Aspidistra cadamensis]]'' <small>N.S.LΓ½ & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra caespitosa]]'' <small>C.Pei</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra campanulata]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Tuyen Quang) # ''[[Aspidistra carinata]]'' <small>Y.Wan & X.H.Lu</small> β China (N Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra carnosa]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Lam Dong) # ''[[Aspidistra cavicola]]'' <small>D.Fang & K.C.Yen</small> β China (NW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra cerina]]'' <small>G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra chishuiensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & W.F.Xu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra chongzuoensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & Y.S.Huang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra chunxiuensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra clausa]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra claviformis]]'' <small>Y.Wan</small> β China (W Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra cleistantha]]'' <small>D.X.Nong & H.Z.LΓΌ</small> # ''[[Aspidistra coccigera]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra columellaris]]'' <small>Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra connata]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Gialai-Kontum) # ''[[Aspidistra corniculata]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra crassifila]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.I Peng</small> # ''[[Aspidistra cruciformis]]'' <small>Y.Wan & X.H.Lu</small> β China (NW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra cryptantha]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Cao Bang) # ''[[Aspidistra cyathiflora]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra cylindrica]]'' <small>Vislobokov & Nuraliev</small> # ''[[Aspidistra daibuensis]]'' <small>Hayata</small> β Taiwan # ''[[Aspidistra daxinensis]]'' <small>M.F.Hou & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra deflexa]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham</small> # ''[[Aspidistra dodecandra]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Tillich</small> β Indo-China # ''[[Aspidistra dolichanthera]]'' <small>X.X.Chen</small> β China (SW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra ebianensis]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra elatior]]'' <small>Blume</small> (synonym ''A.insularis'' <small>Tillich</small>) Japan (Εsumi & Kuroshima Islands): houseplant # ''[[Aspidistra elegans]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra erecta]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.I Peng</small> # ''[[Aspidistra erosa]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra erythrocephala]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & Y.Y.Liang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra extrorsa]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & D.X.Nong</small> # ''[[Aspidistra fasciaria]]'' <small>G.Z.Li</small> β China (?Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra fenghuangensis]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang</small> β China (W Hunan) # ''[[Aspidistra fimbriata]]'' <small>F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan) # ''[[Aspidistra flaviflora]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu</small> β China (SC Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra foliosa]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Thua Thien) # ''[[Aspidistra fungilliformis]]'' <small>Y.Wan</small> β China (W Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra geastrum]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Thua Thien) # ''[[Aspidistra glandulosa]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) Tillich</small> β Laos (La Khon) # ''[[Aspidistra globosa]]'' <small>Vislobokov & Nuraliev</small> # ''[[Aspidistra gracilis]]'' <small>Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra graminifolia]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra grandiflora]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Hoa Binh) # ''[[Aspidistra guangxiensis]]'' <small>S.C.Tang & Yan Liu</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra hekouensis]]'' <small>H.Li</small> β China (SE Yunnan) # ''[[Aspidistra hekouensis]]'' <small>H.Li, C.L.Long & Bogner</small> # ''[[Aspidistra heterocarpa]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & V.T.Pham</small> # ''[[Aspidistra hezhouensis]]'' <small>Q.Gao & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra huanjiangensis]]'' <small>G.Z.Li & Y.G.Wei</small> β China (Gunangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra jiangjinensis]]'' <small>S.R.Yi & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra jiewhoei]]'' <small>Tillich & Ε kornick.</small> # ''[[Aspidistra jingxiensis]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra khangii]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra laongamensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & X.Y.Huang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra laotica]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra lateralis]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Thua Thien) # ''[[Aspidistra letreae]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & T.A. Le</small> β Vietnam (Thua Thien) # ''[[Aspidistra leshanensis]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu</small> β China (SC Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra leucographa]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & C.Y.Zou</small> # ''[[Aspidistra leyeensis]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (NW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra liboensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & J.Y.Wu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra linearifolia]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (W Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra lingchuanensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo</small> # ''[[Aspidistra lingyunensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & L.F.Guo</small> # ''[[Aspidistra lobata]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra locii]]'' <small>Arnautov & Bogner</small> β Vietnam # ''[[Aspidistra longanensis]]'' <small>Y.Wan</small> β China (WC Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra longgangensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin, Y.S.Huang & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra longiconnectiva]]'' <small>C.T.Lu, K.C.Chuang & J.C.Wang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra longifolia]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small> β India # ''[[Aspidistra longiloba]]'' <small>G.Z.Li</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra longipedunculata]]'' <small>D.Fang</small> β China (SW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra longipetala]]'' <small>S.Z.Huang</small> β China (C Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra longituba]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra longshengensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & W.B.Xu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra lubae]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra luochengensis]]'' <small>B.Pan & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra luodianensis]]'' <small>D.D.Tao</small> β China (NW Guangxi, S Guizhou) # ''[[Aspidistra lurida]]'' <small>Ker Gawl.</small> β China (Guangdong, NC Guangxi, SC Guizhou) - '''type species''' # ''[[Aspidistra lutea]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Son La) # ''[[Aspidistra maguanensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & D.H.Lv</small> # ''[[Aspidistra marasmioides]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Hai Phong) # ''[[Aspidistra marginella]]'' <small>D.Fang & L.Zeng</small> β China (SW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra medusa]]'' <small>Aver., K.S.Nguyen & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra micrantha]]'' <small>Vislobokov & Nuraliev</small> # ''[[Aspidistra minor]]'' <small>Vislobokov, Nuraliev & M.S.Romanov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra minutiflora]]'' <small>Stapf</small> β China (N Guangdong, Guangxi, ?Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, SW Hunan) # ''[[Aspidistra mirostigma]]'' <small>Tillich & Ε kornick.</small> # ''[[Aspidistra molendinacea]]'' <small>G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang</small> β China (Guangzi) # ''[[Aspidistra multiflora]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra muricata]]'' <small>F.C.How</small> β China (NC & W Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra mushaensis]]'' <small>Hayata</small> β Taiwan # ''[[Aspidistra nanchuanensis]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra nankunshanensis]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra neglecta]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra nigra]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra nikolaii]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Annamite Mts.) # ''[[Aspidistra nutans]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra obconica]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra oblanceifolia]]'' <small>F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (S Guizhou, W Hubei, Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra obliquipeltata]]'' <small>D.Fang & L.Y.Yu</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra oblongifolia]]'' <small>F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (N Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra obtusata]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra omeiensis]]'' <small>Z.Y.Zhu & J.L.Zhang</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra opaca]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Khanh Hoa) # ''[[Aspidistra ovatifolia]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra oviflora]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra papillata]]'' <small>G.Z.Li</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra patentiloba]]'' <small>Y.Wan & X.H.Lu</small> β China (C Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra paucitepala]]'' <small>Vislobokov, Nuraliev & D.D.Sokoloff</small> # ''[[Aspidistra petiolata]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Thua Thien) # ''[[Aspidistra phanluongii]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> β Vietnam<ref name=VislKuznSoko13>{{citation | last1 = Vislobokov | first1 = Nikolay A. | last2 = Kuznetsov | first2 = Andrey N. | last3 = Sokoloff | first3 = Dmitry D. | year = 2013 | title = A new species of ''Aspidistra'' (Ruscaceae s.l., Asparagales) from southern Vietnam, field observations on its flowering and possible pollination by flies (Phoridae) | journal = Plant Systematics and Evolution | volume = 299 | issue = 2 | pages = 347β355 | doi = 10.1007/s00606-012-0725-2 | bibcode = 2013PSyEv.299..347V | s2cid = 14059501 |name-list-style=amp}}</ref> # ''[[Aspidistra pileata]]'' <small>D.Fang & L.Y.Yu</small> β China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra pingfaensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & Q.W.Sun</small> # ''[[Aspidistra pingtangensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He, W.F.Xu & Q.W.Sun</small> # ''[[Aspidistra phongdiensis]]'' <small>D. Dien, T.A. Le & Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra pulchella]]'' <small>B.M.Wang & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra punctata]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> β China (Guandong, Hong Kong) # ''[[Aspidistra punctatoides]]'' <small>Yan Liu & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra purpureomaculata]]'' <small>H.C.Xi, J.T.Yin & W.G.Wang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra qijiangensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & X.Y.Luo</small> # ''[[Aspidistra quadripartita]]'' <small>G.Z.Li & S.C.Tang</small> - China (Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra quangngaiensis]]'' <small>N.S.LΓ½, Haev. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra radiata]]'' <small>G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra recondita]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (location not known) # ''[[Aspidistra retusa]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & S.Z.Huang</small> β China (NE Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra revoluta]]'' <small>Hao Zhou, S.R.Yi & Q.Gao</small> # ''[[Aspidistra ronganensis]]'' <small>C.R.Lin, Jing Liu & W.B.Xu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra sarcantha]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich, T.A.Le & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra saxicola]]'' <small>Y.Wan</small> β China (WC Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra semiaperta]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra sessiliflora]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra sichuanensis]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu</small> β China (Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan) # ''[[Aspidistra sinensis]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra sinuata]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra spinula]]'' <small>S.Z.He</small> β China (Guizhou) # ''[[Aspidistra stellata]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra stenophylla]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & R.C.Hu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra stricta]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Lam Dong) # ''[[Aspidistra subrotata]]'' <small>Y.Wan & C.C.Huang</small> β China (S & W Guangxi), Vietnam (Thai Nguyen) # ''[[Aspidistra superba]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (Ninh Binh) # ''[[Aspidistra sutepensis]]'' <small>K.Larsen</small> β Vietnam (Paypa) # ''[[Aspidistra synpetala]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & Yan Liu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra tenuifolia]]'' <small>C.R.Lin & J.C.Yang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra tillichiana]]'' <small>O.Colin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra tonkinensis]]'' <small>(Gagnep.) F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (NW Guangxi, S Guizhou, SE Yunnan), Vietnam # ''[[Aspidistra triloba]]'' <small>F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (SC Hunan, W Jiangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra triquetra]]'' <small>Aver., Son, Tillich & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra triradiata]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra truongii]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> β Vietnam<ref name=AverTill13>{{Citation |first1=Leonid V. |last1=Averyanov |first2=Hans-Juergen |last2=Tillich |journal=Taiwania |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=108β111 |year=2013 | title = ''Aspidistra truongii'' β a New Species of Asparagaceae (Convallariaceae s.str.) from Southern Vietnam |doi = 10.6165/tai.2013.58.108 }}</ref> # ''[[Aspidistra tubiflora]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β China (Sichuan) # ''[[Aspidistra typica]]'' <small>Baill.</small> β China (SW Guangxi, SE Yunnan), Vietnam # ''[[Aspidistra umbrosa]]'' <small>Tillich</small> β Vietnam (location not known) # ''[[Aspidistra urceolata]]'' <small>F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang</small> β China (Guizhou) # ''[[Aspidistra ventricosa]]'' <small>Tillich & Ε kornick.</small> # ''[[Aspidistra verruculosa]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & D.D.Nguyen</small> - Vietnam (Di Linh plateau) # ''[[Aspidistra vietnamensis]]'' <small>(Aver. & Tillich) Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra viridiflora]]'' <small>Vislobokov & Nuraliev</small> # ''[[Aspidistra wujiangensis]]'' <small>W.F.Xu & S.Z.He</small> # ''[[Aspidistra xichouensis]]'' <small>Lei Cai, Z.L.Dao & G.W.Hu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra xilinensis]]'' <small>Y.Wan & X.H.Lu</small> β China (NW Guangxi) # ''[[Aspidistra xuansonensis]]'' <small>Vislobokov</small> # ''[[Aspidistra yizhouensis]]'' <small>B.Pan & C.R.Lin</small> # ''[[Aspidistra yunwuensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & W.F.Xu</small> # ''[[Aspidistra zhangii]]'' <small>Aver., Tillich & K.S.Nguyen</small> # ''[[Aspidistra zhenganensis]]'' <small>S.Z.He & Y.Wang</small> # ''[[Aspidistra zinaidae]]'' <small>Aver. & Tillich</small> # ''[[Aspidistra zongbayi]]'' <small>K.Y.Lang & Z.Y.Zhu</small> β China (Sichuan) {{div col end}}
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