Editing Ash'arism (section)

=== Development ===
Ashʿarism became the main school of [[early Islamic philosophy]] whereby it was initially based on the foundations laid down by al-Ashʿarī, who founded the Ashʿarite school in the 10th century based on the methodology taught to him by the [[Ibn Kullab|Kullabi]] movement that used rational argumentation to defend Sunni creed. However, the Ashʿarite school underwent many developments throughout history, resulting in the term ''Ashʿarī'' being extremely broad in its modern usage (e.g., differences between [[Ibn Furak]] (d. AH 406) and [[al-Bayhaqi]] (d. AH 384)).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imam Bayhaqi |url=http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_bayhaqi.htm |access-date=2013-02-13|archive-date=2018-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180603114834/http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_bayhaqi.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shafiifiqh.com/imam-abu-bakr-al-bayhaqi/ |title=Imam Abu Bakr Al-Bayhaqi &#124; Shafii Fiqh.com &#124; Shafii Institute |access-date=2013-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216162405/http://www.shafiifiqh.com/imam-abu-bakr-al-bayhaqi/ |archive-date=2013-02-16}}</ref>

For example, the Ashʿarite view was that comprehension of the [[Attributes of God in Islam|unique nature and characteristics]] of [[God in Islam|God]] were beyond human capability. The solution proposed by al-Ashʿarī to solve the problems of ''[[tashbih]]'' and ''[[ta'til]]'' concedes that the Supreme Being possesses in a real sense the divine attributes and [[Names of God in Islam|names]] mentioned in the Quran. In so far as these names and attributes have a positive reality, they are distinct from the essence, but nevertheless they don't have either existence or reality apart from it.

The inspiration of al-Ashʿarī in this matter was on the one hand to distinguish essence and attribute as concepts, and on the other hand to see that the duality between essence and attribute should be situated not on the quantitative but on the qualitative level—something which [[Muʿtazila|Muʿtazilite thinking]] had failed to grasp.{{sfn|Corbin|1993|pp=115 & 116|ps=.}} Ashʿarite theologians were referred to as the ''muthbita'' ("those who make firm") by the Muʿtazilites.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fatawa – Who are the Ash'arites?|url=https://www.dar-alifta.org/foreign/ViewFatwa.aspx?ID=8001|access-date=2020-10-14|website=Dar al-Ifta al Misriyyah}}</ref>