Editing Arturo Toscanini (section)

===National and international fame===
Gradually, Toscanini's reputation as an operatic conductor of unusual authority and skill supplanted his cello career. In the following decade, he consolidated his career in Italy, entrusted with the world premieres of [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]'s ''[[La bohème]]'' and [[Ruggero Leoncavallo|Leoncavallo]]'s ''[[Pagliacci]]''. In 1896, Toscanini conducted his first symphonic concert (in Turin, with works by [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]], [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]], and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]). He exhibited a considerable capacity for hard work, conducting 43 concerts in Turin in 1898.<ref>Opera. June 1954, p. 334</ref> By 1898, Toscanini was Principal Conductor at La Scala, where he remained until 1908, returning as Music Director, from 1921 to 1929.
In December 1920, he brought the La Scala Orchestra to the United States on a concert tour during which time he made his first recordings for the [[Victor Talking Machine Company]] in [[Camden, New Jersey]].<ref>"Out Today: New Victor Records for March". ''The New York Times'', March 1, 1921 (advertisement)</ref>

[[File:Toscanini caruso.png|thumb|upright|Caricature of Toscanini drawn by Enrico&nbsp;Caruso]]
In 1908, Toscanini joined the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in New York, along with [[Giulio Gatti-Casazza]] who left La Scala to assume the 
post as the Met's general manager. During Toscanini's seven seasons at the Met (1908–1915), he made several reforms and set many standards in opera production and performance which are still in practice today. At the end of his final season with the Metropolitan Opera in May 1915, Toscanini was set to return to Europe aboard the doomed [[RMS Lusitania|RMS ''Lusitania'']], but instead cut his concert schedule short and left a week early, aboard the Italian liner ''Duca degli Abruzzi''.<ref>{{cite magazine| title= 8 Famous People Who Missed the Lusitania| author= Greg Daugherty| magazine=Smithsonian Magazine | url= http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/8-Famous-People-Who-Missed-the-Lusitania-205849981.html| date=May 2, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007004243/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/8-Famous-People-Who-Missed-the-Lusitania-205849981.html |archive-date= Oct 7, 2013 }}</ref> Toscanini conducted the [[New York Philharmonic]] from 1926 until 1936; he toured Europe with the Philharmonic in 1930. At each performance, he and the orchestra were acclaimed by both critics and audiences. Toscanini was the first non-German conductor to appear at [[Bayreuth Festspielhaus|Bayreuth]] (1930–1931), and the New York Philharmonic was the first non-German orchestra to play there.<ref>''Time'', August 4, 1930: "[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,740015,00.html Music: Toscanini at Bayreuth]".</ref>

In the 1930s, he conducted at the [[Salzburg Festival]] (1934–1937), as well as the 1936 inaugural concert of the Palestine Orchestra (later renamed the [[Israel Philharmonic Orchestra]]) in [[Tel Aviv]], later conducting them in [[Jerusalem]], [[Haifa]], [[Cairo]] and [[Alexandria]]. During his engagement with the New York Philharmonic, his concert master was [[Hans Lange (conductor)|Hans Lange]], the son of the last [[Paul Lange (musician)|Master of the Sultan's Music]] in Istanbul, who, later, became conductor of the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]] and the founder of the [[New Mexico Symphony Orchestra]] as a professional ensemble.<ref>"Music: Lange's own", ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', November 25, 1935 (to be found in the ''Time'' online archive)</ref>

During his career as an opera conductor, Toscanini collaborated with such artists as [[Enrico Caruso]], [[Feodor Chaliapin]], [[Ezio Pinza]], [[Giovanni Martinelli]], [[Geraldine Farrar]] and [[Aureliano Pertile]].