Editing Arthur St. Clair (section)

==Revolutionary War==
By the mid-1770s, St. Clair considered himself more of an American than a British subject. In January 1776, he accepted a commission in the [[Continental Army]] as a [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] of the [[3rd Pennsylvania Regiment]]. He first saw service in the final days of the failed [[Invasion of Quebec (1775)|Quebec invasion]], where he saw action in the [[Battle of Trois-Rivières]]. He was appointed a [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in August 1776 and was tasked by [[George Washington]] to help train and equip newly arrived recruits from [[New Jersey]]. He took part in [[George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River]] on the night of December 25–26, 1776, before the [[Battle of Trenton]] on the morning of December 26. Many biographers credit St. Clair with the strategy that led to Washington's [[Battle of Princeton|capture of Princeton]], New Jersey, on January 3, 1777.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|author-link=David Hackett Fischer|title=[[Washington's Crossing (book)|Washington's Crossing]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2006|isbn=0-19-518159-X|pages=[https://archive.org/details/washingtonscross00fisc/page/313 313–14]}}</ref> St. Clair was promoted to [[Major general (United States)|major general]] in February 1777.

In April 1777, St. Clair was given command of [[Fort Ticonderoga]]. His outnumbered garrison could not resist British General [[John Burgoyne]]'s larger force in the [[Saratoga campaign]]; thus, St. Clair was forced to retreat at the [[Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777)|resulting siege]] on July 5, 1777. He successfully evacuated his men, but choosing not to stand and fight permanently damaged his sterling reputation. In 1778, he was [[court-martial]]ed for the loss of Ticonderoga. <ref name=NationalMuseum>{{cite web |url=https://armyhistory.org/major-general-arthur-st-clair/ |title=Major General Arthur St. Clair |date=January 27, 2015 |publisher=[[National Museum of the United States Army]]}}</ref> The court exonerated him and approved his return to duty, <ref name=NationalMuseum/> but he would never hold a command again during the Revolution. He still saw action, however, as an [[aide-de-camp]] to Washington, who retained a high opinion of him. St. Clair was at [[siege of Yorktown|Yorktown]] when [[Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis|Lord Cornwallis]] surrendered his army. During his military service, St. Clair was elected a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1780.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=arthur+st.+clair&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced|access-date=2020-12-06|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>