Editing Arminianism (section)

===Emergence of Arminianism===
[[File:Allegory of theological dispute-Abraham van der Eyk-MBA Lyon H1151-IMG 0428.jpg|thumb|[[Abraham van der Eyk|Eyk, Abraham van der]] (1721). ''Disputes Between Remonstrants and Counter-Remonstrants in 1618''.]]

[[Jacobus Arminius]] (1560–1609) was a Dutch pastor and theologian.{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} He was taught by [[Theodore Beza]], [[John Calvin|Calvin's]] hand-picked successor, but after examination of the scriptures, he rejected his teacher's theology that it is God who [[Unconditional election|unconditionally elects]] some for [[Salvation in Christianity|salvation]].{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} Instead Arminius proposed that the [[Election in Christianity|election]] of God was ''of believers'', thereby making it [[Conditional election|conditional on faith]].{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} Arminius's views were challenged by the Dutch Calvinists, especially [[Franciscus Gomarus]].{{sfn|Wynkoop |1967 |loc=ch. 3}}

In his ''Declaration of Sentiments'' (1608) Arminius presented his theology to magistrates of the [[States General of the Netherlands]] in The Hague.{{sfn|Stanglin|McCall|2021|p=29}} After his death, Arminius's followers continued to advance his theological vision, crafting the ''[[Five articles of Remonstrance]]'' (1610), in which they express their points of divergence from the stricter Calvinism of the ''[[Belgic Confession]]''.{{sfn|Wynkoop|1967|loc=ch. 3}} This is how Arminius's followers were called [[Remonstrants]], and following a ''[[Counter Remonstrance of 1611|Counter Remonstrance]]'' in 1611, Gomarus' followers were called Counter-Remonstrants.{{sfn|Loughlin|1907}}

After some political maneuvering, the Dutch Calvinists were able to convince [[Maurice de Nassau|Prince Maurice of Nassau]] to deal with the situation.{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} Maurice systematically removed Arminian magistrates from office and called a national synod at [[Dordrecht]]. This [[Synod of Dort]] was open primarily to Dutch Calvinists (102 people), while the Arminians were excluded (13 people banned from voting), with Calvinist representatives from other countries (28 people), and in 1618 published a condemnation of Arminius and his followers as heretics. The [[Canons of Dort]] responded, among other topics, to Arminian doctrines, anticipating their later articulation as the [[Five points of Calvinism]].{{sfn|Wynkoop |1967 |loc=ch. 3}}

Arminians across Holland were removed from office, imprisoned, banished, and sworn to silence. Twelve years later, Holland officially granted Arminianism protection as a religion, although animosity between Arminians and Calvinists continued.{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} Most of the early Remonstrants followed a classical version of Arminianism. However, some of them such as [[Philipp van Limborch]], moved in the direction of [[semi-Pelagianism]] and [[rationalism]].{{sfn|Olson|2009|p=23}}