Editing April 19 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1608]] &ndash; In Ireland, [[O'Doherty's Rebellion]] is launched by the [[Burning of Derry]].<ref>McCavitt p.115</ref>
*[[1677]] &ndash; The French army [[Siege of Cambrai (1677)|captures the town of Cambrai]] held by Spanish troops.<ref>{{cite book|author=John Ruler|title=Cross-Channel France: Nord-Pas de Calais - The Land Beyond the Ports|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UwXioEolUbMC&pg=PA184|year=2011|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn=978-1-84162-327-6|pages=184}}</ref>
*[[1713]] &ndash; With no living male heirs, [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor]], issues the [[Pragmatic Sanction of 1713]] to ensure that [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] lands and the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrian throne]] would be inheritable by a female; his daughter and successor, [[Maria Theresa]], was not born until 1717.<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Carlyle|title=History of Friedrich the Second, Called Frederick the Great|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVUuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA420|year=1859|publisher=Harper & Brothers|pages=420}}</ref>
*[[1770]] &ndash; Captain [[James Cook]], still holding the rank of lieutenant, sights the eastern coast of what is now Australia.<ref>{{cite book|author1=William Shurtleff|author2=Akiko Aoyagi|title=Early History of Soybeans and Soyfoods Worldwide (1024 BCE to 1899):: Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bEwtBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA273|date=4 November 2014|publisher=Soyinfo Center|isbn=978-1-928914-69-3|pages=273}}</ref>
*  1770   &ndash; [[Marie Antoinette]] marries [[Louis XVI]] in a [[proxy marriage|proxy wedding]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A New Historical and Commercial System of Geography: Containing a Comprehensive History and Description of the Present State of All the Kingdoms of the World...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARw7AQAAMAAJ&pg=PT2|year=1806|publisher=S. Russell|pages=2}}</ref>
*[[1775]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The war begins during the [[Battles of Lexington and Concord]] with a victory of American [[minutemen]] and other [[militia]] over [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] forces, later referred to as the "[[shot heard round the world]]".<ref>{{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC&pg=PA9|title=Washington's Crossing|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|isbn=9780199756674|author-link=David Hackett Fischer|pages=9–10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Minute Man statue by Daniel Chester French|url=https://www.nps.gov/mima/learn/historyculture/the-minute-man-statue-by-daniel-chester-french.htm?mc_cid=6bed08a516&mc_eid=[2fcc1b24bd]|website=nps.gov|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=April 2, 2025}}</ref>
* 1775    &ndash; American Revolutionary War: Following the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the [[Siege of Boston]] begins with American militias blocking land access to the British-held city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Siege of Boston Map|url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/siege-of-boston-map.htm|website=nps.gov|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=April 2, 2025}}</ref>
*[[1782]] &ndash; [[John Adams]] secures [[Netherlands–United States relations|Dutch recognition of the United States]] as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in [[The Hague]] becomes the first American embassy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Netherlands - Countries - Office of the Historian|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/netherlands|access-date=2021-11-18|website=history.state.gov}}</ref>
*[[1809]] &ndash; An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the [[Duchy of Warsaw]] in the [[Battle of Raszyn (1809)|Battle of Raszyn]], part of the struggles of the [[Fifth Coalition]]. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a [[First French Empire]] Corps led by [[Louis-Nicolas Davout]] at the [[Battle of Teugen-Hausen]] in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
*[[1810]] &ndash; [[Venezuela]] achieves home rule: [[Vicente Emparán]], [[Governor]] of the [[Captaincy General]] is removed by the people of [[Caracas]] and a [[Supreme Junta|junta]] is installed.
*[[1818]] &ndash; French physicist [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel|Augustin Fresnel]] signs his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction" (deposited on the following day). The document ends with what we now call the [[Fresnel integral]]s.
*[[1839]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of London (1839)|Treaty of London]] establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Baltimore riot of 1861]]: A pro-[[Secession in the United States#Confederate States of America|Secession]] mob in [[Baltimore]] attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.