Editing April 12 (section)

===1601–1900===
*[[1606]] &ndash; The [[Union Flag]] is adopted as the flag of [[Kingdom of England|English]] and [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish]] ships.<ref>{{cite book|last=Shapiro|first=James S.|title=The Year of Lear: Shakespeare in 1606|location=New York|publisher=Simon & Schuster|date=2016|isbn=9781416541653|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLA9DQAAQBAJ|page=345}}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: With the [[Halifax Resolves]], the [[North Carolina Provincial Congress]] authorizes its [[Second Continental Congress|Congressional]] delegation to vote for independence from Britain.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kennedy|first=Frances H.|title=The American Revolution: A Historical Guidebook|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2014|isbn=9780199324224|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wC6TAwAAQBAJ|page=86}}</ref>
*[[1782]] &ndash; American Revolution: A [[Royal Navy]] fleet led by Admiral [[George Rodney]] defeats a French fleet led by the [[Comte de Grasse]] at the [[Battle of the Saintes]] off [[Dominica]] in the [[Caribbean Sea]].<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Allison |editor1-first=David K |editor2-last=Ferreiro |editor2-first=Larrie D |title=The American Revolution: A World War |page=220|date=2018 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |isbn=9781588346599 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IlpnDwAAQBAJ&q=shelburne}}</ref>
*[[1796]] &ndash; [[War of the First Coalition]]: [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] wins his first victory as an army commander at the [[Battle of Montenotte]], splitting the Austrian and Piedmontese armies away from each other, and marking the beginning of the Piedmontese surrender in the war.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.napoleon-empire.net/en/battles/montenotte.php | title=Battle of Montenotte }}</ref>
*[[1807]] &ndash; The [[Froberg mutiny]] on [[Malta]] ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of [[Fort Ricasoli]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dempsey|first=Guy C.|title=Mutiny at Malta: The Revolt of Froberg's Regiment April 1807|journal=Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research|date=Spring 1989|page=24}}</ref>
*[[1820]] &ndash; [[Alexander Ypsilantis]] is declared leader of [[Filiki Eteria]], a secret organization to overthrow [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule over Greece.{{Citation needed|date=September 2024}}
*[[1831]] &ndash; Soldiers marching on the [[Broughton Suspension Bridge]] in [[Manchester]], England, cause it to collapse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suspension Bridge, Broughton - Building {{!}} Architects of Greater Manchester |url=https://manchestervictorianarchitects.org.uk/buildings/suspension-bridge-broughton#:~:text=The%20Broughton%20Bridge%20was%20broken%20down%20on%20the%2012th%20April,%201831 |access-date=2025-01-08 |website=manchestervictorianarchitects.org.uk}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Fort Sumter]]. The war begins with [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] forces firing on [[Fort Sumter]], in the harbor of [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Eicher|first=David J.|title=The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War|location=London|publisher=Pimlico|date=2002|isbn=9780712668545|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC|pages=37–38}}</ref>
*[[1862]] &ndash; American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the [[Great Locomotive Chase]]) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now [[Kennesaw, Georgia|Kennesaw]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrews' Raid |url=https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/andrews-raid |access-date=2024-11-03 |website=American Battlefield Trust |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916040949/https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/andrews-raid |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: The [[Battle of Fort Pillow]]: [[Confederate States Army|Confederate]] forces kill most of the [[African Americans|African American]] soldiers that surrendered at [[Fort Pillow, Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Eicher|first=David J.|title=The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War|location=London|publisher=Pimlico|date=2002|isbn=9780712668545|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC|page=657}}</ref>
*[[1865]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Mobile, Alabama]], falls to the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union Army]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Eicher|first=David J.|title=The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War|location=London|publisher=Pimlico|date=2002|isbn=9780712668545|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC|page=840}}</ref>
*[[1877]] &ndash; The [[United Kingdom]] annexes the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Laband|first1=John|author-link1=John Laband|title=The Transvaal Rebellion: The First Boer War, 1880-1881|date=10 July 2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-86846-0|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vnEABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1900]] &ndash; One day after its enactment by the [[United States Congress|Congress]], President [[William McKinley]] signs the [[Foraker Act]] into law, giving [[Puerto Rico]] limited [[self-rule]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Passed by 8 Votes|work=The Evening Star|date=April 12, 1900|page=14|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Allen Is Civil Governor|work=Chicago Tribune|date=April 13, 1900|page=5|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Caban|first=Pedro A.|title=Constructing a Colonial People: Puerto Rico and the United States, 1898-1932|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2019|isbn=9780367315153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQHFDwAAQBAJ|page=101}}</ref>