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===1601–1900=== *[[1689]] – [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain<ref>{{cite book|last=Bell|first=James B.|title=Anglicans, Dissenters and Radical Change in Early New England 1686-1786|location=Cham, Switzerland|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|date=2017|isbn=9783319556291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fng5DwAAQBAJ|page=33}}</ref> on the same day that the Scottish Parliament concurs with the English decision of 12 February.<ref>{{cite book|last=Panton|first=Kenneth J.|title=Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy|location=Lanham, Md.|publisher=Scarecrow Press|date=2011|isbn=9780810857797|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiyyueBTpaMC|page=xxxiii}}</ref> *[[1713]] – France and Great Britain sign the [[Treaty of Utrecht]], bringing an end to the [[War of the Spanish Succession]] ([[Queen Anne's War]]). Britain accepts [[Philip V of Spain|Philip V]] as King of Spain, while Philip renounces any claim to the French throne.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghervas|first=Stella|chapter=In the Shadow of Utrecht: Perpetual Peace and International Order, 1713-1815|title=The 1713 Peace of Utrecht and Its Enduring Effects|editor-last=Soons|editor-first=Alfred H.A.|location=Boston|publisher=Brill|date=2020|isbn=9789004266407|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hm3DDwAAQBAJ|pages=204–205}}</ref> *[[1727]] – Premiere of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s [[St Matthew Passion]] BWV 244b at [[St. Thomas Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]] in [[Leipzig]], [[Electorate of Saxony]] (now Germany).<ref>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Richard Douglas|title=The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach: Music to Delight the Spirit. Volume 2: 1717-1750|location=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2013|isbn=9780198164401|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YwzAQAAQBAJ|page=181}}</ref> *[[1809]] – [[Battle of the Basque Roads]]: Admiral [[James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier|Lord Gambier]] fails to support Captain [[Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald|Lord Cochrane]], leading to an incomplete British victory over the French fleet.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cordingly|first=David|title=Cochrane the Dauntless|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|date=2007|isbn=9780747580881|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZMdDpmTXdWsC|page=205|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Clowes|first=William Laird|title=The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present. Volume V|location=London|publisher=S. Low, Marston and Co.|date=1900|oclc=1296915|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iH9nAAAAMAAJ|pages=268–269|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Stewart|first=William|title=Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary: 1500 to the Present|location=Jefferson, N.C.|publisher=McFarland & Co.|date=2009|isbn=9780786438099|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1VimlFIjQoC|page=139}}</ref> *[[1814]] – The [[Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)|Treaty of Fontainebleau]] ends the [[War of the Sixth Coalition]] against [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], and forces him to abdicate unconditionally for the first time. *[[1856]] – [[Second Battle of Rivas]]: [[Juan Santamaría]] burns down the hostel where [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]]'s [[filibuster (military)|filibusters]] are holed up. *[[1868]] – Former ''[[shōgun]]'' [[Tokugawa Yoshinobu]] surrenders [[Edo Castle]] to Imperial forces, marking the end of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. *[[1876]] – The [[Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks]] is organized. *[[1881]] – [[Spelman College]] is founded in [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.
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