Editing Anzac Day (section)

===From 1915 to World War II===
On 30 April 1915, when the first news of the landing reached New Zealand, a half-day holiday was declared and impromptu services were held.<ref name="NZbeginnings">[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-anzac-days "The making of Anzac Day"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205001453/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/first-anzac-days|date=5 February 2016}}, New Zealand History online – Nga korero aipurangi o Aotearoa, History Group, Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 16 June 2007.</ref>

[[Adelaide]], South Australia, was the site of Australia's first built memorial to the Gallipoli landing, unveiled by Governor-General Sir [[Ronald Munro Ferguson]] on [[Wattle Day]], 7 September 1915, just over four months after the first landings. The monument was originally the centrepiece of the Wattle Day League's Gallipoli Memorial Wattle Grove on Sir Lewis Cohen Avenue in the South Park Lands. The original native pines and remnant seedlings of the original wattles still grow in Wattle Grove, but in 1940 the Adelaide City Council moved the monument and its surrounding pergola a short distance away to Lundie Gardens.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/things/dardanelles-memorial|title=Dardanelles Memorial &#124; Adelaidia|publisher=Adelaidia.sa.gov.au|date=28 December 2013|access-date=17 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217085533/http://adelaidia.sa.gov.au/things/dardanelles-memorial|archive-date=17 February 2015}}</ref> Also in South Australia, [[Labour Day|Eight Hour Day]], 13 October 1915, was renamed Anzac Day and a carnival was organised to raise money for the Wounded Soldiers Fund.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Register|date=27 August 1915|page=6|title=Anzac Day|url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/59420501|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823163759/http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/59420501|archive-date=23 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Adelaide Advertiser|date=12 October 1915|page=6|title=ANZAC Day|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5483531|access-date=30 December 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230172249/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5483531|archive-date=30 December 2017}}</ref> The name Anzac Day was chosen through a competition, won by Robert Wheeler, a draper of Prospect.<ref name=Sydney>{{cite web|url=https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/the_beginnings_of_anzac_day_commemorations_in_sydney|title=The beginnings of Anzac Day commemorations in Sydney|last=Radford|first=Neil|date=2014|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124010621/https://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/the_beginnings_of_anzac_day_commemorations_in_sydney}}</ref>

[[Melbourne]] observed an Anzac Remembrance Day on 17 December 1915.<ref name=Sydney/>

Anniversary commemorations started in Queensland.<ref>{{SLQ-CC-BY|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/anzac-day-ritual-0|title=Anzac Day ritual|date=1 October 2022|authors=Kate Hall|access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> On 10 January 1916, Canon [[David John Garland]] was appointed the honorary secretary of the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee of Queensland (ADCCQ) at a public meeting which endorsed 25 April as the date to be promoted as "Anzac Day" in 1916 and ever after. Queensland Premier [[T. J. Ryan]] urged the other Australian states to enact a similar parade, and soon the date became a national day of reflection.<ref>{{SLQ-CC-BY |last=Hall |first=Kate |title=Anzac Day ritual |url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/anzac-day-ritual-0 |date=1 October 2022 |access-date=2 February 2023}}</ref> Devoted to the cause of a non-denominational commemoration that could be attended by the whole of Australian society, Garland worked amicably across all denominational divides, creating the framework for Anzac Day commemorative services.<ref>{{cite web|title=The "Architect" of Anzac Day|url=http://www.garlandmemorial.com/about-garland/|publisher=Canon Garland Memorial Society|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301081344/http://www.garlandmemorial.com/about-garland/|archive-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> Garland is specifically credited with initiating the Anzac Day march, the wreath-laying ceremonies at memorials and the special church services, the two minutes of silence, and the luncheon for returned soldiers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mansfield|first=Wendy M.|title=Garland, David John (1864–1939)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/garland-david-john-6278|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University|location=Canberra|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210643/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/garland-david-john-6278|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Garland intended the silence to be used in lieu of a prayer to allow the Anzac Day service to be universally attended, allowing attendees to make a silent prayer or remembrance in accordance with their own beliefs. He particularly feared that the universality of the ceremony would fall victim to religious sectarian disputes.<ref>{{cite web|last=perkinsy|title=The Anzac Day Silence, Religion and Garland|url=http://stumblingpast.com/2014/04/25/the-anzac-day-silence-religion-and-garland/|website=Stumbling Through the Past|access-date=17 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305144827/http://stumblingpast.com/2014/04/25/the-anzac-day-silence-religion-and-garland/|archive-date=5 March 2016}}</ref> The [[State Library of Queensland]] holds the minutes from the Anzac Day Commemoration Committee of Queensland;<ref>{{cite web|date=22 April 2016|title=Queensland's first Anzac Day {{!}} State Library of Queensland|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/queenslands-first-anzac-day|access-date=23 March 2021|website=slq.qld.gov.au|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309001641/https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/queenslands-first-anzac-day|url-status=live}}</ref> the collection has been digitised and available to view online.<ref>{{cite web|title=OMHA ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee Records 1916–1974|url=http://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=slq_alma21148762950002061&vid=SLQ&search_scope=SLQ_PCI_EBSCO&tab=all&lang=en_US&context=L|url-status=live|access-date=23 March 2021|website=State Library of Queensland|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704005411/https://login.slq.qld.gov.au/pds?func=sso&calling_system=primo&institute=SLQ&lang=eng&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%3A80%2Fprimo_library%2Flibweb%2FpdsLogin%3FtargetURL%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fonesearch.slq.qld.gov.au%2Fprimo-explore%2Ffulldisplay%3Fdocid%3Dslq_alma21148762950002061%26vid%3DSLQ%26search_scope%3DSLQ_PCI_EBSCO%26tab%3Dall%26lang%3Den_US%26context%3DL%26isIframeSSO%3Dtrue%26from-new-ui%3D1%26authenticationProfile%3DProfile%2B1}}</ref> In 2019, the collection was added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Australian Register.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anzac Day Commemoration Committee Minutes and Suggestions 1916–1922 {{!}} Australian Memory of the World|url=https://www.amw.org.au/register/listings/anzac-day-commemoration-committee-minutes-and-suggestions-1916-1922|access-date=23 March 2021|website=amw.org.au|archive-date=29 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329205640/https://www.amw.org.au/register/listings/anzac-day-commemoration-committee-minutes-and-suggestions-1916-1922|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:First Anzac Day in Sydney, 1916.jpg|thumb|First Anzac Day parade in Sydney, along Macquarie Street, 25 April 1916]]

The date 25 April was officially named Anzac Day in 1916;<ref name=Army>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.gov.au/our-history/traditions/anzac-day|access-date=23 November 2018|title=Anzac Day|author=Australian Army|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123052943/https://www.army.gov.au/our-history/traditions/anzac-day}}</ref> in that year, it was marked by a wide variety of ceremonies and services in Australia, New Zealand and London.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-24/london-parade-for-anzac-day-100-years-ago/7353616|title=Anzac Day: Did a London parade 'set the tone' for a century of celebrations?|first=James|last=Glenday|publisher=ABC News|location=Australia|date=24 April 2016|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123053546/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-04-24/london-parade-for-anzac-day-100-years-ago/7353616|archive-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> In New Zealand, it was [[wikt:gazette#Verb|gazetted]] as a half-day holiday. Over 2,000 people attended the service in [[Rotorua]].<ref name="NZbeginnings" /> In London, over 2,000 Australian and New Zealand troops marched through the streets of the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn6572573|title=Australian and New Zealand soldiers marching to Westminster Abbey to commemorate the first Anzac Day, London, 25 April 1916.|via=National Library of Australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003203110/http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn6572573|archive-date=3 October 2015}}</ref> An unnamed London newspaper reputedly dubbed them "The Knights of Gallipoli". Marches were held all over Australia; wounded soldiers from Gallipoli attended the Sydney march in convoys of cars, accompanied by nurses.<ref name="AWM tradition">{{cite web|url=https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/traditions|title=The Anzac Day Tradition|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115012559/https://www.awm.gov.au/commemoration/anzac-day/traditions|archive-date=15 November 2018|access-date=23 November 2018|author=Australian War Memorial}}</ref>

In Egypt, General [[John Monash]] paraded the troops on Anzac Day 1916.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://minister.dva.gov.au/media_releases/2016/may/va037.htm|title=Statement on Anzac Commemorations in Australia and Overseas|author=The Hon. Dan Tehan, Minister for Veterans' Affairs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123054819/http://minister.dva.gov.au/media_releases/2016/may/va037.htm|archive-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>

For the remaining years of the war, Anzac Day was used as an occasion for patriotic rallies and recruiting campaigns, and marches of serving members of the AIF were held in most cities. From 1916 onwards, in both Australia and New Zealand, Anzac memorials were held on or about 25 April, mainly organised by returned servicemen and school children in cooperation with local authorities.<ref name="AWM tradition"/> Early morning services were solemn, with a more upbeat tone set for honouring returned soldiers during afternoon activities.<ref name=Ausgeog/>

Australian troops did not return to great victory parades at the end of the war. This was partly because their arrival home depended on available shipping, but also because of the [[Spanish flu|influenza epidemic of 1919]], which prevented people assembling in large numbers. The 1919 Sydney parade was cancelled as a result, but a public commemorative service was held in [[the Domain, Sydney|the Domain]], where participants were required to wear masks and stand three feet apart.<ref name=Sydney/>

Anzac Day was gazetted as a public holiday in New Zealand in 1920, through the [[Anzac Day Act (New Zealand)|Anzac Day Act]], after lobbying by the [[Royal New Zealand Returned and Services' Association|New Zealand Returned Services' Association]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rsa.org.nz/remem/rsa_hist_90years.html#1|title=Remembrance – RSA History|publisher=RSA (Returned Soldiers' Association)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308204426/http://www.rsa.org.nz/remem/rsa_hist_90years.html|archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref> the RSA.<ref name="NZholiday">[http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/anzac-day-1920-45 A sacred holiday – Anzac Day] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205001555/http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/war/anzac-day-1920-45 |date=5 February 2016}}, New Zealand History online – Nga korero aipurangi o Aotearoa, History Group, Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Retrieved 16 June 2007.</ref>

[[File:ANZAC Day at Manly, 1922.jpg|thumb|left|Anzac Day at [[Manly, Queensland]], 1922]]

In Australia at the 1921 State Premiers' Conference, it was decided that Anzac Day would be observed on 25 April each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/the-first-anzac-day-in-1916/|title=The First Anzac Day in 1916|access-date=23 November 2018|publisher=Foxtel History Channel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123062018/https://www.historychannel.com.au/articles/the-first-anzac-day-in-1916/|archive-date=23 November 2018}}</ref> However, it was not observed uniformly in all the states until 1922 when the States were invited to co-operate with the Commonwealth in observing the day, and an invitation was telegraphed to the various religious bodies suggesting that memorial services be held in the morning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1999-2002No189.pdf|title=ANZAC: Parliamentary review of Anzac Day laws|author=Parliament of Victoria. Scrutiny of Acts and Regulations Committee|date=October 2002|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123062354/https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/papers/govpub/VPARL1999-2002No189.pdf|archive-date=23 November 2018|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>
In the early 1920s returned soldiers mostly commemorated Anzac Day informally, primarily as a means of keeping in contact with each other. But as time passed and they inevitably began to drift apart, the ex-soldiers perceived a need for an institutionalised reunion.<ref name=Sydney/> During the late 1920s, Anzac Day became established as a National Day of Commemoration for the 60,000 Australians and 18,000 New Zealanders who died during the war. The first year in which all the Australian states observed some form of public holiday together on Anzac Day was 1927.<ref name=Ausgeog>{{cite web|url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2017/04/evolution-of-anzac-day/|title=The evolution of Anzac Day from 1915 until today|last=Khan|first=Joanna|date=24 April 2017|access-date=24 November 2018|archive-date=23 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123120857/https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/on-this-day/2017/04/evolution-of-anzac-day/|website=National Geographic}}</ref> By the mid-1930s, all the rituals now associated with the day{{snd}}dawn vigils, marches, memorial services, reunions, [[two-up]] games{{snd}}became part of Australian Anzac Day culture.<ref name="AWM tradition"/> New Zealand commemorations also adopted many of these rituals, with the dawn service being introduced from Australia in 1939.<ref name="NZholiday" />