Editing Anusvara (section)

=== Hindi ===
In [[Standard Hindi]], the anusvāra is traditionally defined as representing a nasal consonant [[homorganic consonants|homorganic]] to a following [[plosive]], in contrast to the {{lang|hi-Latn|[[Chandrabindu|candrabindu]]}} ({{lang|hi-Latn|anunāsika}}), which indicates [[nasal vowel|vowel nasalization]]. In practice, however, the two are often used interchangeably.

The precise phonetic value of the phoneme, whether it is represented by {{lang|hi-Latn|anusvāra|}} or {{lang|hi-Latn|[[Chandrabindu|candrabindu]]}}, is dependent on the phonological environment.<ref>The following rules are from {{Harvtxt|Ohala|1983|pp=87–90}}</ref>

Word-finally, it is realized as nasalization of the preceding vowel: ''{{lang|hi-Latn|kuāṃ}}'' {{IPA|[kʊ̃ãː]}}, "a well". It results in vowel nasalization also medially between a short vowel and a non-[[obstruent]] (''{{lang|hi-Latn|kuṃvar}}'' {{IPA|[kʊ̃ʋər]}} "a youth", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|gaṃṛāsā}}'' {{IPA|[ɡə̃ɽaːsaː]}} "a long-handled axe") and, in native words, between a long vowel and a voiceless plosive (''{{lang|hi-Latn|dāṃt}}'' {{IPA|[dãːt]}} "tooth", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|sāṃp}}'' {{IPA|[sãːp]}} "a snake", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|pūṃch}}'' {{IPA|[pũːtʃʰ]}} "tail").

It is pronounced as a homorganic nasal, with the preceding vowel becoming nasalized [[allophone|allophonically]], in the following cases: between a long vowel and a voiced plosive (''{{lang|hi-Latn|tāṃbā}}'' {{IPA|[taːmbaː]}} "copper", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|cāṃdī}}'' {{IPA|[tʃaːndiː]}} "silver"), between a long vowel and a voiceless plosive in loanwords (''{{lang|hi-Latn|dāṃt}}'' {{IPA|[daːnt]}} "repressed", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|baiṃk}}'' {{IPA|[bæːŋk]}} "a bank", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|khazāṃcī}}'' {{IPA|[kʰəzaːɲtʃiː]}} "cashier"), and between a short vowel and an obstruent (''{{lang|hi-Latn|saṃbhāl-}}'' {{IPA|[səmbʱaːl]}} "to support", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|saṃdūk}}'' {{IPA|[sənduːk]}} "a chest").

The last rule has two sets of exceptions in which the {{lang|hi-Latn|anusvāra|}} results only in the nasalization of the preceding short vowel. Words from the first set are morphologically derived from words with a long nasalized vowel (''{{lang|hi-Latn|baṃṭ-}}''  {{IPA|[bə̃ʈ]}}, "to be divided"  from ''{{lang|hi-Latn|bāṃṭ-}}'' {{IPA|[bãʈ]}}, "to divide";  ''{{lang|hi-Latn|siṃcāī}}'' {{IPA|[sɪ̃tʃai]}}, "irrigation" from ''{{lang|hi-Latn|sīṃc-}}'' {{IPA|[sĩːtʃ]}}, "to irrigate"). In such cases, the vowel is sometimes denasalized ({{IPA|[bəʈ]}}, {{IPA|[sɪtʃai]}} instead of {{IPA|[bə̃ʈ-]}}, {{IPA|[sɪ̃tʃai]}}). The second set is composed of a few words like ''({{lang|hi-Latn|pahuṃc-}}'' {{IPA|[pahʊ̃tʃ]}}, "to arrive" and ''{{lang|hi-Latn|haṃs-}}'' {{IPA|[hə̃s]}}, "to laugh").<ref group="note">{{Harvtxt|Ohala|1983|p=90}} lists five more such words: ''{{lang|hi-Latn|dhaṃs-}}'' "to sink", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|phaṃs-}}'' "to be stuck", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|haṃslī}}'' "a necklace", ''{{lang|hi-Latn|haṃsiyā}}'' "a sickle" and ''{{lang|hi-Latn|haṃsī}}'' "laughter".</ref>