Editing Antigua and Barbuda (section)

===Pre-colonial period===
{{Main|Pre-Columbian Antigua and Barbuda}}
Antigua was first settled by [[Archaic period (North America)|archaic age]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indigenous]] hunter-gatherers called the [[Ciboney]].<ref name=Factbook /><ref name=Britannica>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Antigua and Barbuda |last1=Niddrie |first1=David Lawrence |last2=Momsen |first2=Janet D. |last3=Tolson |first3=Richard |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=3 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403214208/https://www.britannica.com/place/Antigua-and-Barbuda |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Commonwealth>{{cite web |url=http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/antigua-and-barbuda/history |publisher=The Commonwealth |title=Antigua and Barbuda : History |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=24 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624235053/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/antigua-and-barbuda/history |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Radiocarbon dating|Carbon dating]] has established the earliest settlements started around 3100 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Napolitano|first1=Matthew F.|last2=DiNapoli|first2=Robert J.|last3=Stone|first3=Jessica H.|last4=Levin|first4=Maureece J.|last5=Jew|first5=Nicholas P.|last6=Lane|first6=Brian G.|last7=O'Connor|first7=John T.|last8=Fitzpatrick|first8=Scott M.|date=2019-12-18|title=Reevaluating human colonization of the Caribbean using chronometric hygiene and Bayesian modeling|journal=Science Advances|volume=5|issue=12|pages=eaar7806|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aar7806|issn=2375-2548|pmc=6957329|pmid=31976370|bibcode=2019SciA....5R7806N}}</ref> They were succeeded by the ceramic age pre-Columbian [[Arawakan languages|Arawak]]-speaking [[Saladoid]] people who migrated from the lower [[Orinoco River]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Trade and Networks (U.S. National Park Service) |url=https://www.nps.gov/articles/caribbean-trade-and-networks.htm |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=nps.gov |language=en}}</ref> They introduced agriculture, raising, among other crops, the famous [[Antigua Black Pineapple]] (''[[Ananas comosus]]''), [[maize|corn]], [[sweet potato]]es, [[chili pepper|chiles]], [[guava]], tobacco, and cotton.<ref>Duval, D. T. (1996). Saladoid archaeology on St. Vincent, West Indies: results of the 1993/1994 University of Manitoba survey</ref> Later on the [[Island Caribs|Caribs]] settled the island.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archaeologists say early Caribbeans were not 'savage cannibals', as colonists wrote|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/24/archeology-caribbean-carib-people-cannibalism-colonial-history-wrong|last=Handy|first=Gemma|location=English Harbor, Antigua|date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822165049/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/24/archeology-caribbean-carib-people-cannibalism-colonial-history-wrong|url-status=live|archive-date=22 August 2024|work=The Guardian}}</ref>

[[File:The Mill Yard - Ten Views in the Island of Antigua (1823), plate V - BL.jpg|thumb|left|Antigua in 1823]]