Editing Anti-ballistic missile (section)

==Current tactical systems{{anchor|Countries with ABM capability|reason=Old section name}}==

===People's Republic of China===
{{Unreliable sources section|date=March 2022}}
[[File:HQ-19 launcher in Zhuhai airshow 2024.jpg|thumb|HQ-19 launcher in Zhuhai airshow 2024]]

==== Historical Project 640 ====
Project 640 had been the PRC's indigenous effort to develop ABM capability.<ref name="sinodefence.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.sinodefence.com/special/airdefence/project640.asp |title=Project 640: China's National Missile Defence in the '70s |publisher=SinoDefence.com |access-date=11 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213232047/http://www.sinodefence.com/special/airdefence/project640.asp |archive-date=13 December 2011}}</ref> The Academy of Anti-Ballistic Missile & Anti-Satellite was established from 1969 for the purpose of developing Project 640.<ref name="sinodefence.com" /> The project was to involve at least three elements, including the necessary sensors and guidance/command system, the Fan Ji (FJ) missile interceptor, and the XianFeng missile-intercepting cannon.<ref name="sinodefence.com" /> The FJ-1 had completed two successful flight tests during 1979, while the low-altitude interceptor FJ-2 completed some successful flight tests using scaled prototypes.<ref name="sinodefence.com" /> A high altitude FJ-3 interceptor was also proposed. Despite the development of missiles, the programme was slowed down due to financial and political reasons. It was finally closed down during 1980 under a new leadership of Deng Xiaoping as it was seemingly deemed unnecessary after the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States and the closure of the US [[Safeguard Program|Safeguard]] ABM system.<ref name="sinodefence.com" />

==== Operational Chinese systems ====
In March 2006, China tested an interceptor system comparable to the U.S. Patriot missiles.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=060000&biid=2006032829898 |title=donga.com[English donga&#93; |publisher=English.donga.com |date=28 March 2006 |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620031722/http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?bicode=060000&biid=2006032829898 |archive-date=20 June 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.missilethreat.com/archives/id.537/detail.asp |title=Chinese Version of Patriot Interceptor Said Undergoing Tests |publisher=MissileThreat |date=29 March 2006 |access-date=11 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720065356/http://www.missilethreat.com/archives/id.537/detail.asp |archive-date=20 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100112_1311.php |title=Pentagon Received No Warning of Chinese Missile Defense Test |publisher=Globalsecuritynewswire.org |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213234815/http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100112_1311.php |archive-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

China has acquired and is license-producing the [[SA-10A Grumble#S-300PMU-1/2 (SA-20)|S-300PMU-2/S-300PMU-1]] series of terminal ABM-capable SAMs. The [[HQ-9]] SAM system<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hongqi9.asp |title=HongQi 9 (HQ-9) Surface-to-Air Missile System |publisher=SinoDefence.com |date=3 October 2009 |access-date=11 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904130239/http://www.sinodefence.com/army/surfacetoairmissile/hongqi9.asp |archive-date=4 September 2013 }}</ref> and [[HQ-15]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hongqi-15 (HQ-15) |url=http://www.missilethreat.com/missiledefensesystems/id.29/system_detail.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505035238/http://www.missilethreat.com/missiledefensesystems/id.29/system_detail.asp |archive-date=5 May 2012 |access-date=11 May 2012 |publisher=MissileThreat}}</ref> may possess terminal ABM capabilities. PRC Navy's operating modern air-defense destroyers known as the [[Type 052C|Type 052C Destroyer]] and [[Type 051C destroyer|Type 051C Destroyer]] are armed with naval HQ-9 missiles.

The [[HQ-19]], roughly analogous to the [[THAAD]], was first tested in 2003, and subsequently a few more times, including in November 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/11/11/did-china-just-test-a-new-satellite-killer|title=Did China Just Test a New Satellite-Killer?|first=David|last=Axe|date=11 November 2015|website=The Daily Beast|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> The HQ-29, a counterpart to the [[MIM-104 Patriot#MIM-104F (PAC-3)|MIM-104F PAC-3]], was first tested in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/hq-29.htm|title=HQ-29 Anti-Ballistic Missile Interceptor|first=John|last=Pike|website=www.globalsecurity.org|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806195843/http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/world/china/hq-29.htm|archive-date=6 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

China carried out a [[2010 Chinese anti-ballistic missile test|land-based anti-ballistic missile test]] on 11 January 2010. The test was exoatmospheric and the intercept performed in midcourse phase by a [[kinetic kill vehicle]].<ref name="wikileaks">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/china-wikileaks/8299323/DEMARCHE-FOLLOWING-CHINAS-JANUARY-2010-INTERCEPT-FLIGHT-TEST.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | title=Demarche Following China's January 2010 Intercept Flight-Test | date=2 February 2011 | access-date=4 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203065924/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/wikileaks-files/china-wikileaks/8299323/DEMARCHE-FOLLOWING-CHINAS-JANUARY-2010-INTERCEPT-FLIGHT-TEST.html | archive-date=3 February 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> The interceptor missile was a [[DF-21#KT ABM/ASAT|SC-19]].<ref name="wikileaks" /><ref name="anti-BM">{{cite web|url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2010-01-12/0247580308.html |script-title=zh:我国试验陆基反导 此前仅美国进行过相关试验 |publisher=SINA News |date=12 January 2010 <!-- 02:47   --> |access-date=11 January 2010| language=zh| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100114072145/http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2010-01-12/0247580308.html| archive-date= 14 January 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref> The sources suggest the system was not operationally deployed as of 2010.<ref name="wikileaks" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100114_5918.php |title=NTI |publisher=Global Security Newswire |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119032640/http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20100114_5918.php |archive-date=19 January 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 27 January 2013, China conducted another anti-ballistic missile test. According to the Chinese Defense Ministry, the missile launch was defensive in character and was not aimed against any countries. On 4 February 2021, China reportedly conducted a mid-course intercept anti-ballistic missile test.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/china-conducts-another-mid-course-anti-ballistic-missile-test |title=China conducts another mid-course anti-ballistic missile test |website=Janes |date=8 February 2021 |first=Andrew |last=Tate}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39093/china-claims-it-has-conducted-a-new-midcourse-intercept-anti-ballistic-missile-test |title=China Claims It Has Conducted A New Midcourse Intercept Anti-Ballistic Missile Test |website=The Drive |date=4 February 2021 |first=Joseph |last=Trevithick |access-date=13 May 2021 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513164726/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/39093/china-claims-it-has-conducted-a-new-midcourse-intercept-anti-ballistic-missile-test |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Europe ===
==== Aster ====
[[File:HMS Daring-1.jpg|thumb|right|Royal Navy [[Type 45 destroyer]]s (''pictured''), and French Navy and Italian Navy {{sclass2|Horizon|frigate|5}} and [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|FREMM frigates]] operate [[Aster missile|Aster 30 missiles]]]]
{{Main|Aster (missile family)}}
The [[Aster (missile family)|Aster]] is a family of missiles jointly developed by [[France]] and [[Italy]]. The Aster 30 variants are capable of ballistic missile defense. An export customer, the [[United Kingdom]] also operates the Aster 30 Block 0.

On 18 October 2010, France announced a successful tactical ABM test of the Aster 30 missile<ref name="ATBM">{{cite web|url=http://defense-update.com/wp/20101126_samp_t.html |title=SAMP/T Successful on First European Missile Defense Intercept Test |date=26 November 2010 |publisher=Defense Update |access-date=26 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129040354/http://defense-update.com/wp/20101126_samp_t.html |archive-date=29 November 2010}}</ref> and on 1 December 2011 a successful interception of a Black Sparrow ballistic target missile.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ead-minerve.fr/WordPress3/?p=683 |title=Premier tir anti-balistique &#124; Blog de la DE |publisher=Ead-minerve.fr |access-date=11 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426071256/http://ead-minerve.fr/WordPress3/?p=683 |archive-date=26 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/m/Une-premiere-en-France-un-missile-intercepte-par-un-antimissile-Aster_a442.html?com |title=Une première en France : un missile intercepté par un antimissile Aster |language=fr |publisher=Marianne2.fr |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905155335/http://www.marianne2.fr/blogsecretdefense/m/Une-premiere-en-France-un-missile-intercepte-par-un-antimissile-Aster_a442.html?com |archive-date=5 September 2012}}</ref> The {{sclass2|Horizon|frigate|1}}s in [[French Navy|French]] and [[Italian Navy|Italian]] service, the [[Royal Navy]]'s [[Type 45 destroyer]]s, and the French and Italian [[FREMM multipurpose frigate|FREMM-class frigates]] are all armed with [[PAAMS]] (or variants of it) integrating Aster 15 and Aster 30 missiles. France and Italy are developing a new variant, the Aster 30 Block II, which can destroy ballistic missiles up to a maximum range of {{cvt|3000|km}}. It will incorporate a [[kill vehicle]] warhead.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/eurosatory/2016/06/14/france-italy-to-cooperate-in-development-of-aster-missile/ |title=France, Italy To Cooperate in Development of Aster Missile |last=Tran |first=Pierre |work=DefenseNews |date=14 June 2016 |access-date=18 June 2021 }}</ref>

==== HYDIS² ====
Involving France, Italy, [[Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]], the HYDIS² (HYpersonic Defence Interceptor Study) was announced on June 20, 2023, and is a project led by [[MBDA]]. It was selected in March 2023 and is partially funded by the European Defense Fund (EDF). Its aim is to propose an architecture and technology maturation concept study for an endo-atmospheric interceptor to counter new, highly sophisticated emerging threats. HYDIS² is centered around the MBDA's Aquila hypersonic missile interceptor concept and will involve a consortium of 19 partners and over 30 subcontractors from 14 European countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://breakingdefense.com/2023/06/mbda-debuts-european-hypersonic-interceptor-concept-aquila/|title =MBDA debuts European hypersonic interceptor concept Aquila |date = 20 June 2023}}</ref> France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands have already confirmed their support and commitment, by signing a letter of intent and agreeing to initial joint requirements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.mbda-systems.com/aquila-mbda-to-lead-consortium-for-european-interceptor-against-hypersonic-threats/|title =Aquila: MBDA to lead consortium for European interceptor against hypersonic threats |date = 20 June 2023}}</ref> The ultimate goal of the project is to develop a countermeasure that could be integrated into the French-led EU TWISTER (Timely Warning and Interception with Space-based TheatER surveillance) capability program. TWISTER, launched in 2019 with MBDA France acting as lead contractor as well, is intended to be an air defense system capable of early warning, tracking and intercepting high-performance air threats, including defense against ballistic missiles (BMD) and hypersonic vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/41333/pesco-projects-12-nov-2019.pdf|title = Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)'s projects - Overview|date = 12 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="defensenews.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2022/09/05/spanish-german-companies-start-work-on-hypersonic-missile-interceptor/|title =Spanish, German companies start work on hypersonic missile interceptor|date = 5 September 2022}}</ref> The program involves France, Italy, [[Spain]], the Netherlands, [[Finland]] and Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pesco.europa.eu/project/timely-warning-and-interception-with-space-based-theater-surveillance-twister/|title = Timely Warning and Interception With Space-Based Theater Surveillance (TWISTER)|date = 12 November 2019}}</ref>

==== EU HYDEF ====
Competing against HYDIS², the EU HYDEF (European Hypersonic Defence Interceptor) also covers the concept phase to develop an endo-atmospheric interceptor and is related to TWISTER. Selected in July 2022, it is also partially funded by the EDF. It is coordinated by Spain's [[SENER|SENER Aeroespacial Sociedad Anonima]], while Germany's [[Diehl Defence]] is serving as the overall technical lead. They are heading a consortium of partners and subcontractors from various EU countries.<ref name="defensenews.com"/>

===India===
{{anchor|India}}
{{Main|Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme}}
[[File:Bharat BMD Phase-II (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Second phase of Anti-ballistic Missile defense test with AD-1 missile]]
In November 2006, India successfully conducted the [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Prithvi Air Defence Exercise|PADE (Prithvi Air Defence Exercise)]] in which an anti-ballistic missile, called the [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program#Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) / Pradyumna Ballistic Missile Interceptor|Prithvi Air Defence (PAD)]], an ''exo-atmospheric'' (outside the atmosphere) interceptor system, intercepted a Prithvi-II ballistic missile. The PAD missile has the secondary stage of the Prithvi missile and can reach altitude of {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=on}}. During the test, the target missile was intercepted at a {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} altitude.<ref>[http://mod.nic.in/samachar/dec15-06/h1.htm Prithvi Mission Milestone in Missile Defence] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208161324/http://mod.nic.in/samachar/dec15-06/h1.htm |date=8 December 2007 }}.</ref>  On 6 December 2007, the [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program#Advanced Air Defence (AAD) / Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor|Advanced Air Defence (AAD)]] missile system was tested successfully.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=33815|title=India successfully conducts interceptor supersonic missile test|publisher=Pib.nic.in|access-date=11 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015200451/http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=33815|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> This missile is an endo-atmospheric interceptor with an altitude of {{convert|30|km|0|abbr=on}}. First reported in 2009, the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation|Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)]] is developing a new Prithvi interceptor missile code-named PDV. The PDV is designed to take out the target missile at altitudes above {{convert|150|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/17/stories/2009101755791100.htm |title=DRDO to launch series of missiles |access-date=6 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108160559/http://www.hindu.com/2009/10/17/stories/2009101755791100.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2009-10-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The first PDV was successfully test fired on 27 April 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=838755 |title=India Successfully Test-Fires New Interceptor Missile |publisher=News.outlookindia.com |access-date=2014-04-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428163936/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=838755 |archive-date=28 April 2014 }}</ref> On 15 May 2016, India successfully launched AAD renamed [[Indian Ballistic Missile Defence Programme#Advanced Air Defence (AAD) / Ashwin Ballistic Missile Interceptor|Ashwin]] from [[Abdul Kalam Island]] off the coast of [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/india-successfully-tests-supersonic-interceptor-missile/|title=India Successfully Tests Supersonic Interceptor Missile|last=Franz-Stefan|first=Gady|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814205906/https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/india-successfully-tests-supersonic-interceptor-missile/|archive-date=14 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
As of 8 January 2020, the BMD programme has been completed and the [[Indian Air Force]] and the DRDO are awaiting government's final approval before the system is deployed to protect [[New Delhi]] and then Mumbai. After these two cities, it will be deployed in other major cities and regions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/defence/indias-ballistic-missile-shield-ready-iaf-drdo-to-seek-govt-nod-to-protect-delhi/345853/|title=India's ballistic missile shield ready, IAF & DRDO to seek govt nod to protect Delhi|last=Philip|first=Snehesh Alex|date=2020-01-08|website=ThePrint|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-11}}</ref> PAD and PDV are designed for mid-course interception, while AAD is for terminal phase interception.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gady |first=Franz-Stefan |date=8 January 2020 |title=Report: India's Homemade Anti-Ballistic Missile Shield Ready |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/01/report-indias-homemade-anti-ballistic-missile-shield-ready/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=thediplomat.com |language=en-US}}</ref> India had previously planned to acquire [[NASAMS|NASAMS-II]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lakshman|first=Sriram|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/us-approves-sale-of-integrated-air-defence-weapon-system-to-india/article30787461.ece|title=U.S. State dept. nod for sale of air defence system to India|date=2020-02-11|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-02-11|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> but the [[Indian Air Force]] instead is now seeking a domestic alternative (potentially the land-based [[VL-SRSAM]]).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-16 |title=India concerned over 'very high price' of American missile shield for Delhi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-concerned-over-very-high-price-of-american-missile-shield-for-delhi-11581863130642.html |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 July 2022 |title=Not Keen On NASAMS-II, IAF Wants Indian Missile Defence |url=https://www.livefistdefence.com/not-keen-on-nasams-ii-iaf-wants-indian-missile-defence/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=Livefist Defence |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Iran ===
[[File:3-Arman anti-ballistic missile system-سامانه‌ موشکی ضدبالستیک آرمان.jpg|thumb|right|Iranian  made [[Arman (missile system)|Arman]] anti-ballistic missile interceptor.]]
Iran used [[Arman (missile system)|Arman]] and [[S-300 missile system|S-300]] missile systems for ballistic missile defense.<ref name="Iran unveils new air defense weaponry as regional tensions ramp up, IRNA reports">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-unveils-new-air-defense-weaponry-regional-tensions-ramp-up-irna-2024-02-17/|title=Iran unveils new air defense weaponry as regional tensions ramp up, IRNA reports|work=Reuters|date=17 February 2024 |access-date=16 November 2024}}</ref><ref name="Russia Risks Reputation Of Its Weapons Systems With Iran Air Defense Delivery">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2024/08/07/russia-risks-reputation-of-its-weapons-systems-with-iran-air-defense-delivery/|title=Russia Risks Reputation Of Its Weapons Systems With Iran Air Defense Delivery|access-date=16 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924165401/https://www.forbes.com/sites/pauliddon/2024/08/07/russia-risks-reputation-of-its-weapons-systems-with-iran-air-defense-delivery/|archive-date=24 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Israel ===
====Arrow 2====
{{Main|Arrow (Israeli missile)}}
[[File:Arrow2 96aug.jpg|thumb|170px|right|An Arrow 2 anti-ballistic missile interceptor]]
The Arrow project was begun after the U.S. and Israel agreed to co-fund it on 6 May 1986.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/crs_israeli-us_relations.shtml |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20021104204721/http://www.policyalmanac.org/world/archive/crs_israeli-us_relations.shtml |url-status = dead |archive-date = 4 November 2002 |title = Israeli-United States Relations |publisher = Policy almanac |access-date = 11 May 2012 }}</ref>

The Arrow ABM system was designed and constructed in Israel with financial support by the United States by a multibillion-dollar development program called "Minhelet Homa" (Wall Administration) with the participation of companies like [[Israel Military Industries]], [[Tadiran Telecom|Tadiran]] and [[Israel Aerospace Industries]].

During 1998 the Israeli military conducted a successful test of their Arrow missile. Designed to intercept incoming missiles travelling at up to 2-mile/s (3&nbsp;km/s), the Arrow is expected to perform much better than the Patriot did in the Gulf War. On 29 July 2004 Israel and the United States carried out a joint experiment in the US, in which the Arrow was launched against a real Scud missile. The experiment was a success, as the Arrow destroyed the Scud with a direct hit. During December 2005 the system was deployed successfully in a test against a replicated [[Shahab-3]] missile. This feat was repeated on 11 February 2007.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6352659.stm | publisher = BBC | work = News | title = Israeli missile test 'successful' | date = 11 February 2007 | access-date = 25 April 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216001604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6352659.stm | archive-date = 16 December 2007 | url-status = live }}</ref>

==== Arrow 3 ====
{{main|Arrow 3}}
[[File:AST-15-001.jpg|thumb|[[Arrow 3]] in testing.]]
The Arrow 3 system is capable of exo-atmosphere interception of ballistic missiles, including of [[ICBM]]s.<ref name=is/> It also acts as an anti-satellite weapon.

Lieutenant General Patrick J. O'Reilly, Director of the US [[Missile Defense Agency]], said: "The design of Arrow 3 promises to be an extremely capable system, more advanced than what we have ever attempted in the U.S. with our programs."

On 10 December 2015 Arrow 3 scored its first intercept in a complex test designed to validate how the system can detect, identify, track and then discriminate real from decoy targets delivered into space by an improved [[Sparrow (target missile)|Silver Sparrow]] target missile.<ref name=goodtest>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/air-space/strike/2015/12/10/us-israel-arrow-3-intercepts-target-space/77087084/ |work=[[Defense News]] |title=US-Israel Arrow-3 intercepts target in space |first=Barbara |last=Opall-Rome |date=2015-12-10 |access-date=2015-12-10}}</ref> According to officials, the milestone test paves the way toward [[Low rate initial production|low-rate initial production]] of the Arrow 3.<ref name=goodtest/>

====David’s sling====
{{Main|David's Sling}}
[[File:Dec.,_2015_-_David%27s_Sling_Weapons_System_Stunner_Missile_successfully_completed_a_series_of_tests_(3).jpg|thumb|Israel's [[David's Sling]], designed to intercept tactical ballistic missiles]]
David's Sling (Hebrew: קלע דוד), also sometimes called Magic Wand (Hebrew: שרביט קסמים), is an Israel Defense Forces military system being jointly developed by the Israeli defense contractor Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and the American defense contractor [[Raytheon]], designed to intercept tactical ballistic missiles, as well as medium- to long-range rockets and slower-flying cruise missiles, such as those possessed by [[Hezbollah]], fired at ranges from 40&nbsp;km to 300&nbsp;km. It is designed with the aim of intercepting the newest generation of tactical ballistic missiles, such as [[9K720 Iskander|Iskander]].

=== Japan ===
[[File:SM3 from JDS Kongo.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Japanese [[guided missile destroyer]] {{ship|JDS|Kongō|DDG-173|6}} firing a [[Standard Missile 3]] anti-ballistic missile.]]
{{Main|RIM-161 Standard Missile 3}}
Since 1998, when North Korea launched a [[Taepodong-1]] missile over northern Japan, the Japanese have been jointly developing a new surface-to-air interceptor known as the Patriot Advanced Capability 3 (PAC-3) with the US. Tests have been successful, and there are 11 locations that are planned for the PAC-3 to be installed. The approximate locations are near major air bases, like [[Kadena Air Base]], and ammunition storage centers of the Japanese military. The exact location are not known to the public.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=U.S. and Allied Ballistic Missile Defenses in the Asia-Pacific Region {{!}} Arms Control Association |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/us-allied-ballistic-missile-defenses-asia-pacific-region#Japan |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=www.armscontrol.org}}</ref>  A military spokesman<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7188698.stm | work = BBC News | title = Japan plans Tokyo missile shield | date = 15 January 2008 | access-date = 17 January 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080118152525/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7188698.stm | archive-date = 18 January 2008 | url-status = live }}</ref> said that tests had been done on two sites, one of them a business park in central Tokyo, and Ichigaya – a site not far from the Imperial Palace.
Along with the PAC-3, Japan has installed a US-developed ship-based anti-ballistic missile system, which was tested successfully on 18 December 2007. Japan has 4 destroyers of this type capable of carrying [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3]] and equipped with the [[Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System]]. Japan is currently modifying another 4 destroyers so that they can take part of their defense force against ballistic missiles, bringing the total number to 8 ships.<ref name=":5" />

===Soviet Union/Russian Federation===
[[File:S-300PMU2 complex.jpg|thumb|[[S-300 (missile)|S-300PMU-2]] vehicles. From left to right: 64N6E2 detection radar, 54K6E2 command post and 5P85 TEL.]]
The Moscow ABM defense system was designed with the aim of being able to intercept the ICBM warheads aimed at Moscow and other important industrial regions, and is based on:
* [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system|A-35 Aldan]]
** [[ABM-1 Galosh|ABM-1 Galosh / 5V61]]<ref>{{cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/abm1.htm |title=GlobalSystems: ''ABM-1'' |publisher=Globalsecurity.org |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516040109/http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/abm1.htm |archive-date=16 May 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm#ABM-1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209161638/http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm#ABM-1|url-status=dead|title=Russian Anti-Ballistic Guided Missile Systems<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=9 February 2008}}</ref> (decommissioned)<ref name="Pike 2018">{{cite web|author=John Pike|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/galosh.htm|title=Galosh - Moscow System|date=20 April 2018|publisher=Globalsecurity.org|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013325/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/galosh.htm|archive-date=9 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[A-35 anti-ballistic missile system#A-35M|A-35M]]
** [[ABM-1 Galosh|ABM-1B]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Sean O'Connor|url=http://ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html|title=Russian/Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems|date=27 January 2014|pages=1|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121053912/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Rus-ABM-Systems.html|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> (decommissioned)<ref name="Pike 2018"/>
* [[A-135 anti-ballistic missile system|A-135 Amur]]
** [[ABM-3 Gazelle|ABM-3 Gazelle / 53T6]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm#ABM-3|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209161638/http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm|url-status=dead|title=Wonderland.org: ''ABM-3''|archivedate=9 February 2008}}</ref>
** [[ABM-4 Gorgon|ABM-4 Gorgon / 51T6]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm|title=Russian Anti-Ballistic Guided Missile Systems|date=20 December 2008|access-date=21 July 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220232305/http://www.wonderland.org.nz/rusabgm.htm|archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> (decommissioned)<ref>{{cite web|author=John Pike|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/gorgon.htm|title=51T6 Gorgon|date=20 April 2018|publisher=Globalsecurity.org|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009013309/https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/gorgon.htm|archive-date=9 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[A–235 anti-ballistic missile system|A–235 Nudol]] (In development)
* [[S-300 (missile)|S-300]]P (SA-10)
* [[S-300V|S-300V/V4]] (SA-12)
* [[S-300 (missile)|S-300PMU-1/2]] (SA-20)
* [[S-400]] (SA-21)
* [[S-300VM missile system|S-300VM]] (SA-23)
* [[S-500 missile|S-500 Prometey]] (serial production began in 2021)

===United States===
{{See also|Safeguard Program|Ground-Based Interceptor#Next generation interceptor (NGI)|label2=Next generation interceptor}}
[[File:Standard Missile III SM-3 RIM-161 test launch 04017005.jpg|thumb|right|200px|United States Navy [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3]] anti-ballistic missile.]]
In several tests, the U.S. military have demonstrated the feasibility of destroying long and short range ballistic missiles.<ref name = usaSmdc2019 >{{cite web| url = https://www.army.mil/article/225470/leader_gives_space_and_missile_defense_update_at_smd_symposium| title = Jason Cutshaw (August 8, 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium}}</ref> Combat effectiveness of newer systems against 1950s tactical ballistic missiles seems very high, as the [[MIM-104 Patriot]] (PAC-1 and PAC-2) had a 100% success rate in Operation Iraqi Freedom.<ref>{{cite web |author=John Pike |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/ops/oif-patriot.htm |title=''Operation Iraqi Freedom – Patriot'' |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=11 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220031217/http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/ops/oif-patriot.htm |archive-date=20 February 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The U.S. Navy [[Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System]] (Aegis BMD) uses [[RIM-161 Standard Missile 3]], which hit a target going faster than ICBM warheads.<ref name = antiSat >{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7254540.stm|title=BBC NEWS – World – Americas – US missile hits 'toxic satellite'|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=21 February 2008|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413122801/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/7254540.stm|archive-date=13 April 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 November 2020 an SM-3 Block IIA interceptor successfully destroyed an ICBM in mid-course, under [[Link-16]] Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications ([[C2BMC]]).<ref name= ftm,44 >[https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2417334/us-successfully-conducts-sm-3-block-iia-intercept-test-against-an-intercontinen/ MDA Newsroom (17 Nov 2020) U.S. Successfully Conducts SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test Against an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile Target] SM-3 Block IIA Intercept Test animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUDQrLcY5oI {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425000520/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUDQrLcY5oI |date=25 April 2021 }}</ref>

The U.S. Army [[Terminal High Altitude Area Defense]] (THAAD) system began production in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Panda|first1=Ankit|title=What Is THAAD, What Does It Do, and Why Is China Mad About It?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/what-is-thaad-what-does-it-do-and-why-is-china-mad-about-it/|website=The Diplomat|access-date=3 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404130539/https://thediplomat.com/2016/02/what-is-thaad-what-does-it-do-and-why-is-china-mad-about-it/|archive-date=4 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Its stated range as a short to intermediate ballistic missile interceptor means that it is not designed to hit midcourse ICBMs, which can reach [[Intercontinental ballistic missile#Flight phases|terminal phase]] speeds of [[mach number|mach 8]] or greater. The THAAD interceptor has a reported maximum speed of mach 8, and THAAD has repeatedly proven it can intercept descending exoatmospheric missiles in a ballistic trajectory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Niall |title=Can The U.S. Intercept A North Korean Missile? [Infographic] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/09/05/can-the-u-s-intercept-a-north-korean-missile-infographic/ |access-date=2023-05-17 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>

The U.S. Army [[Ground-Based Midcourse Defense]] (GMD) system was developed by the [[Missile Defense Agency]]. It combines ground-based [[AN/FPS-132 Upgraded Early Warning Radar]] installations and mobile [[AN/TPY-2]] X-band radars with 44 exoatmospheric interceptors stationed in underground silos around California and Alaska, to protect against low-count ICBM attacks from rogue states. Each [[Ground-Based Interceptor]] (GBI) rocket carries an [[Exoatmospheric Kill Vehicle]] (EKV) kinetic kill interceptor, with 97% probability of intercept when four interceptors are launched at the target.

Since 2004, the [[United States Army]] plans to replace [[Raytheon]]'s Patriot missile (SAM) engagement control station (ECS), along with seven other forms of ABM defense command systems, with [[United States Army Futures Command#Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System|Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System]] (IBCS) designed to shoot down short, medium, and intermediate range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase by intercepting with a hit-to-kill approach.<ref name = ibcs2004 >{{cite web|title=Army Seeks To Field One-Size-Fits-All Battle Command System|url=http://spacenews.com/army-seeks-field-one-size-fits-all-battle-command-system/|publisher=Space News|date=29 June 2004}}</ref><ref name = history >{{cite web|last1= Kiley|first1= Gregory T.|title= Congress and the Administration Must Reassess Failing Missile Defense Programs|url= http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2017/05/17/failing_missile_defense_programs_111398.html|publisher= RealClearDefense|date= 17 May 2017|access-date= 22 June 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170521151129/http://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2017/05/17/failing_missile_defense_programs_111398.html|archive-date= 21 May 2017|url-status= live}}</ref><ref name = 14e >{{cite web| url = https://www.army.mil/article/225475/mos_14e_linchpin_of_patriot_missile_system| title = Fort Sill Tribune staff (August 8, 2019) MOS 14E: Linchpin of Patriot missile system}}</ref><ref name = ibcsPatriotThaad >{{cite web| url = https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2018/10/10/so-patriot-and-thaad-will-talk-what-does-that-really-mean/| title = Jen Judson (11 Oct 2018) So Patriot and THAAD will talk. What does that really mean?| date = 10 October 2018}}</ref> 
Northrop Grumman was selected as the prime contractor in 2010; the Army spent $2.7 billion on the program between 2009 and 2020.<ref name= pac2Pac3Intercepts >{{cite web| url = https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/smd/2020/08/20/armys-future-missile-defense-battle-command-system-caps-off-major-test-with-defeat-of-cruise-ballistic-missile-threats/| title = Jen Judson (20 Aug 2020) US Army's future missile defense command system nearly simultaneously defeats cruise, ballistic missile threats| date = 20 August 2020}}</ref> IBCS engagement stations will support identification and tracking of targets using sensor fusion from disparate data streams, and selection of appropriate kill vehicles from available launcher systems.<ref name = ibcsNorthrup >[http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/IBCS/Pages/default.aspx Integrated Air and Missile Defense Battle Command System (IBCS)]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006163751/http://www.northropgrumman.com/Capabilities/IBCS/Pages/default.aspx |date=6 October 2017 }} vendor summary</ref><ref name=ibcsAward >{{cite web| url = https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/10/02/army-continues-push-for-integrated-sensors-and-shooters-with-latest-ibcs-contract/| title = Daniel Cebul (12 October 2018) Army continues push for integrated sensors and shooters with latest IBCS contract| date = 2 October 2018}}</ref><ref name = "ibcs, thaad, lrpf" >[https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2018/10/08/army-looks-to-a-future-of-integrated-fire/ Daniel Cebul  (9 October 2018) Army looks to a future of integrated fire ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126000941/https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2018/10/08/army-looks-to-a-future-of-integrated-fire/ |date=26 November 2022 }} by integrating THAAD IBCS LRPF</ref><ref>Andrew Eversden [https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/army-awards-northrop-grumman-1-4-billion-contract-for-ibcs/ (23 Dec 2021) Army awards Northrop Grumman $1.4 billion contract for IBCS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224073613/https://breakingdefense.com/2021/12/army-awards-northrop-grumman-1-4-billion-contract-for-ibcs/ |date=24 December 2021 }}</ref><ref name= fallsBehind >{{cite web| url = https://www.defensenews.com/land/2017/02/06/army-falls-behind-with-new-anti-missile-command-system/| title = Jen Judson (February 6, 2017) Army falls behind with new anti-missile command system| date = 6 February 2017}}</ref> 
In February 2022 THAAD radar and TFCC (THAAD Fire Control & Communication) demonstrated their interoperability with Patriot PAC-3 MSE missile launchers, engaging targets using both THAAD and Patriot interceptors.<ref name= ibcsProofOfConcept >Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2022/03/10/missile-defense-agency-fires-patriot-missile-from-thaad-system/ (10 Mar 2022) Missile Defense Agency fires Patriot missile from THAAD system] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126000939/https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2022/03/10/missile-defense-agency-fires-patriot-missile-from-thaad-system/ |date=26 November 2022 }}</ref>

===Republic of China===

Procurement of [[MIM-104 Patriot]] and indigenous [[Sky Bow|Tien-Kung]] anti-ballistic missile systems. With the tense situations with China, Taiwan developed the [[Sky Bow]] (or '''Tien-Kung'''), this surface-to-air missile can intercept and destroy enemy aircraft and ballistic missiles.<ref>{{cite web |last=Huang |first=Po-Chang |date=9 May 2017 |title=Who to Protect? Taiwan's SAM Systems and the Distribution of Protection |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/gis/files/2017/06/Huang_Po-Chang_DHP_207_Spring_2017.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://sites.tufts.edu/gis/files/2017/06/Huang_Po-Chang_DHP_207_Spring_2017.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |access-date=7 April 2022 |website=TUFTS University}}</ref> These system was created in partnership with [[Raytheon Technologies]], using [[Lockheed Martin]] ADAR-HP as inspiration to create the '''Chang Bai S-band''' radar system. The missiles have a range of 200&nbsp;km and was designed to take on fast moving vehicles with low radar cross-section. The latest variant of this system is the '''Sky Bow III (TK-3)'''.

=== South Korea ===
Since North Korea started developing its nuclear weapon program, South Korea has been under imminent danger. South Korea started its BDM program by acquiring 8 batteries of the [[MIM-104 Patriot]] ('''PAC-2''') missiles from the United States. The '''PAC-2''' was developed to destroy incoming aircraft and is now unreliable in defending a ballistic missile attack from North Korea, as they have developed further their nuclear program. As of 2018, South Korea decided to improve its defense system by upgrading to the '''PAC-3''', which has a hit-to-kill capability against incoming missiles.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Hwee Rhak |date=2018 |title=The Ballistic Missile Defense Construction Strategies of South Korea and Japan: Self-reliance versus Cooperation with the US |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26909945 |journal=Journal of International and Area Studies |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=87–106 |jstor=26909945 |issn=1226-8550}}</ref>  The main reason that the South Korean anti-ballistic defense system is not very developed is because they have tried to developed their own, without help from other countries, since the beginning of the 1990s.<ref name=":6" /> The South Korean [[Defense Acquisition Program Administration]] '''(DAPA)''' has confirmed that it has test launched the [[L-SAM]] system in February 2022. This particular missile has been in development since 2019 and is South Korea's next anti-ballistic missile generation. It is expected to have a range of 150&nbsp;km and be able to intercept targets between 40&nbsp;km and 100&nbsp;km of altitude, and it can also be used as an aircraft interceptor. The [[L-SAM]] system is expected to be complete and ready to use in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korea tests indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/south-korea-tests-indigenous-long-range-surface-to-air-missile |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=Janes.com |language=en}}</ref>