Editing Angola (section)

===Early migrations and political units===
{{Main|Kingdom of Kongo}}
[[File:Jean_Roy_de_Congo.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[João I of Kongo|King João I]], [[Manikongo]] of the [[Kingdom of Kongo]]]]
Modern Angola was populated predominantly by [[nomad]]ic [[Khoi]] and [[San people|San]] peoples prior to the first [[Bantu migration]]s. The Khoi and San peoples were [[hunter-gatherer]]s, rather than practicing [[pastoralism]] or cultivation of crops.<ref name=Henderson>{{cite book|last=Henderson|first=Lawrence|title=Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict|date=1979|pages=40–42|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca|isbn=978-0812216202}}</ref>

In the first millennium BC, they were displaced by [[Bantu peoples]] arriving from the north, most of whom likely originated in what is today northwestern [[Nigeria]] and southern [[Niger]].<ref name=Miller1>{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Joseph|title=Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu States in Angola|date=1979|pages=55–56|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca|isbn=978-0198227045}}</ref> Bantu speakers introduced the cultivation of [[banana]]s and [[taro]], as well as maintenance of large cattle herds, to Angola's central highlands and the Luanda plain. Due to a number of inhibiting geographic factors throughout the territory of Angola, namely harshly traversable land, hot/humid climate, and a plethora of deadly diseases, intermingling of pre-colonial tribes in Angola had been rare.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

After settlement of the migrants, a number of political entities developed. The best-known of these was the [[Kingdom of Kongo]], based in Angola. It extended northward to what are now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], the [[Republic of the Congo]], and [[Gabon]]. It established [[trade route]]s with other city-states and civilisations up and down the coast of southwestern and western Africa. Its traders even reached [[Great Zimbabwe]] and the [[Mutapa Empire]], although the kingdom engaged in little or no trans-oceanic trade.<ref name="The Story of Africa">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page45.shtml|title=The Story of Africa|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=27 June 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524040820/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page45.shtml|archive-date=24 May 2010|url-status=live}}</ref> To its south lay the [[Kingdom of Ndongo]], from which the area of the later Portuguese colony was sometimes known as ''Dongo''. Next to that was the [[Kingdom of Matamba]].<ref name=EB1878>{{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Angola |volume=2 |page=45 }}</ref> The lesser [[Kakongo|Kingdom of Kakongo]] to the north was later a vassal of the Kingdom of Kongo. The people in all of these states spoke [[Kongo language|Kikongo]] as a common language.