Editing Andrew Grove (section)

===Starting Intel===
{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = Cornsilk|quote=When I came to Intel, I was scared to death. I left a very secure job where I knew what I was doing and started running R&D for a brand new venture in untried territory. It was terrifying.|source=Andrew Grove<ref name=Bloomberg>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-22/andy-grove-taught-silicon-valley-how-to-do-business-dies-at-79 "Andy Grove, Valley Veteran Who Founded Intel, Dies at 79"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829004845/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-03-22/andy-grove-taught-silicon-valley-how-to-do-business-dies-at-79 |date=August 29, 2020 }}, ''Bloomberg'', March 21, 2016.</ref>}}

After completing his Ph.D. in 1963, Grove worked at [[Fairchild Semiconductor]] as a researcher, and by 1967 had become its assistant director of development.<ref name=Henderson>Henderson, Harry. ''Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology'', Infobase Publishing (2009), p. 218.</ref> His work there made him familiar with the early development of [[integrated circuit]]s, which would lead to the "[[microcomputer revolution]]" in the 1970s. In 1967, he wrote a college textbook on the subject, ''Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices.''<ref name=Grove2>Grove, Andrew. ''Physics and Technology of Semiconductor Devices'', John Wiley and Sons (1967)</ref>

[[File:Andy Grove Robert Noyce Gordon Moore 1978 edit.jpg|thumb|left|Left to right: Andy Grove, [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] (1978)]]
In 1968, [[Robert Noyce]] and [[Gordon Moore]] co-founded Intel, after they and Grove left [[Fairchild Semiconductor]]. Grove joined on the day of its incorporation, although he was not a founder. Fellow Hungarian émigré [[Leslie L. Vadász]] was Intel's fourth employee.<ref name="nyt2001">{{cite news | title=Andy Grove's Tale of His Boyhood in Wartime | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E1DA1238F931A25752C1A9679C8B63 | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=2001-11-12 | access-date=2011-02-19 | first=Chris | last=Gaither | archive-date=January 18, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118005659/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/12/business/technology-andy-grove-s-tale-of-his-boyhood-in-wartime.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Grove worked initially as the company's director of engineering, and helped get its early manufacturing operations started. In 1983, he wrote a book, ''[[High Output Management]]'', in which he described many of his methods and manufacturing concepts.<ref name=IW/>

Initially, Intel primarily manufactured static memory chips for mainframe computers, but in the early/mid-1970s Intel introduced one of the earliest digital watches, an electronic calculator, and also the world's first general-purpose [[microprocessor]], the 4-bit [[Intel 4004|4004]]. By 1974 Intel had developed the 8-bit [[Intel 8008|8008]] and quickly thereafter, in 1975, the [[Intel 8080|8080]] processor, which would become the core of the [[Altair 8800|Altair]], the world's first so-called PC (personal computer) which foreshadowed the PC revolution. Soon came the [[Intel 8086|8086]] 16-bit microprocessor and a cost-reduced version, the [[Intel 8088|8088]], which IBM chose for its IBM PC which brought personal computers to the masses. In 1985, Intel produced the 32-bit [[i386|80386]] microprocessor which began a long line of increasingly powerful microprocessors including the [[i486|80486]], the [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]], and a plethora of supporting integrated circuits and computers built with them.

Even though Intel had invented most of the types of memory in use at the time including [[EPROM]] (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), by 1985, with less demand for their memory chips due to the challenges created by Japanese "[[Dumping (pricing policy)|dumping]]" of memory chips at below-cost prices, Grove was forced to make radical changes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realworldtech.com/intel-dram/|title=Intel's Long Awaited Return to the Memory Business|website=www.realworldtech.com|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322222237/http://www.realworldtech.com/intel-dram/|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, he chose to discontinue producing [[DRAM]]s and focus instead on manufacturing microprocessors. Grove, along with Intel's sales manager to IBM, Earl Whetstone, played a key role in negotiating with IBM to use only Intel microprocessors in all of their new personal computers.

The company's revenue increased from $2,672 in its first year (1968) to $20.8 billion in 1997. Grove was appointed Intel's president in 1979, [[chief executive officer|CEO]] in 1987, and then chairman of the board in 1997. In May 1998 Grove relinquished the post of CEO to [[Craig Barrett (chief executive)|Craig Barrett]], as Grove had been diagnosed with prostate cancer a few years earlier, though he remained chairman until November 2004. Since then Grove remained at Intel as a senior advisor, and has also been a lecturer at [[Stanford University]]. He reflected back upon Intel's growth through the years:
{{blockquote|In various bits and pieces, we have steered Intel from a start-up to one of the central companies of the information economy.<ref name=IW/>}}

Grove is credited with having transformed Intel from a manufacturer of memory chips into the world's dominant producer of microprocessors for PC, servers, and general-purpose computing. During his tenure as CEO, Grove oversaw a 4,500% increase in Intel's market capitalization from $4 billion to $197 billion, making it the world's 7th largest company, with 64,000 employees. Most of the company's profits were reinvested in research and development, along with building new facilities, in order to produce improved and faster microprocessors.<ref name=IW/>