Editing Andreas Baader (section)

== Stammheim ==
[[File:Stammheim (1982).JPG|thumb|Stammheim Prison, photographed in 1982]]
From 1975 to 1977, a long and expensive trial took place in a fortified building on the grounds of [[Stuttgart]]'s [[Stammheim Prison]]. As a precaution against items being smuggled in, all prisoners were strip-searched and inspected and given new clothes before and after meeting lawyers.{{sfn|Smith|Moncourt|2008|p=28}}

During a collective [[hunger strike]] in 1974, which led to the death of Meins, [[philosopher]] [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] visited Baader in Stammheim where he was being held. He allegedly described Baader after the meeting as being a "[[twat]]" ("Quel con!").<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.sens-public.org/spip.php?article334
| title = Sartre adversaire de la non-violence ?
| date = 24 September 2006
| publisher=Alternatives non violentes, n° 139, juin 2006
| last=Wormser|first=Gerard
| quote=''Par exemple, après avoir rencontré l'extrémiste Baader dans sa prison en Allemagne, il en est ressorti en disant : "Quel con!!!"''
| access-date=16 November 2008}}</ref> Although he did not like Baader's behavior, he criticized the harsh conditions of imprisonment Baader endured.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.contre-informations.fr/doc-inter/allemagne/allemagne1.html| title= La mort lente d'Andreas Baader| date= 7 December 1974| newspaper= [[Libération]]| last= Sartre| first= Jean-Paul| access-date= 16 November 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081116143847/http://www.contre-informations.fr/doc-inter/allemagne/allemagne1.html| archive-date= 16 November 2008| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/1974/baader.htm
| title = The Slow Death of Andreas Baader (English Translation)
| year = 2004
| publisher=marxists.org, translation of the 1974 [[Libération]] article
| last=Sartre|first=Jean-Paul
| quote=''This absence of communication with others through sound creates profound problems (...). These latter destroy thought by rendering it increasingly difficult. Little by little, it provokes blackouts, then delirium, and, obviously, madness. So even if there is no "torturer", there are people who squeeze certain levers on another level. This torture provokes deficits in the prisoner; it leads him to stupefaction or to death.''
| access-date=16 November 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081204090049/http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/sartre/1974/baader.htm| archive-date= 4 December 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref>

Meinhof was found dead in her cell at Stuttgart-Stammheim on 9 May 1976, hanging from the grating covering her cell window.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herren |first=Graley |title=The Self-Reflexive Art of Don DeLillo |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-5013-4505-0 |location=New York, NY |pages=243 |language=en}}</ref> Members of the Red Army Faction and others claimed that she was killed by the German authorities. The second generation of the RAF committed several kidnappings and attacks in a campaign in support of their comrades.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Trahair |first1=R. C. S. |title=Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations |last2=Miller |first2=Robert |publisher=Enigma Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-936274-26-0 |location=New York |pages=363}}</ref>

The three remaining defendants were convicted in April 1977 of several murders, [[attempted murder]]s, and of forming a [[terrorism in Germany|terrorist]] organization, and were sentenced to [[life imprisonment]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Gentry |first1=Caron E. |title=Women, Gender, and Terrorism |last2=Sjoberg |first2=Laura |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-8203-3583-4 |location=Athens |pages=61, 62, 63}}</ref>{{sfn|Atkins|2004|p=268}}

Militants tried to force the release of Baader and ten other imprisoned RAF members by [[kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer|kidnapping]] businessman [[Hanns Martin Schleyer]] in [[Cologne]] on 5 September 1977, as part of the sequence of events known as the "[[German Autumn]]", which began on 30 July 1977 with the [[murder in German law|murder]] of banker [[Jürgen Ponto]].

On 6 September 1977, an official statement was released in which the state declared that the prisoners would not be released under any circumstances, and on the same day a ''Kontaktsperre'' ("communication ban") was enacted against all RAF prisoners.{{sfn|Neu|2010|p=73}} This order deprived prisoners of all contact with each other as well as with the outside; all visits, including those of lawyers and family members, were forbidden. The prisoners were deprived of their access to post, newspapers, magazines, television, and radio.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraktion |first=Rote Armee |title=Materialien zum Hungerstreik 1984/85 der politischen Gefangenen aus der RAF und dem Widerstand |publisher=Die Grünen |year=1985 |volume=1 |location=West Germany |pages=105 |language=de}}</ref> The official justification for this was a claim by the state that the prisoners had supervised Schleyer's kidnapping from their cells with the assistance of their lawyers. It was claimed that a hand-drawn map had been found which had been used in the kidnapping in Newerla's car on 5 September. On 10 September, the prisoners' lawyers lost their appeal against the ''Kontaktsperre'' order and on 2 October it became effective. On 18 October 1977, the RAF killed Schleyer in France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Varon |first=Jeremy |title=Bringing the War Home : The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-520-24119-0 |location=Berkeley |pages=234 |language=en}}</ref>

On 13 October 1977 four members of the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] hijacked [[Lufthansa Flight 181]] on a flight from [[Palma de Mallorca]] to Frankfurt, their leader demanding the release of the eleven RAF prisoners detained at Stammheim. The aircraft was eventually flown to [[Mogadishu]], [[Somalia]], where it arrived in the early hours of 17 October. The passengers of the Boeing 737 were freed in an assault carried out by German [[GSG 9]] special forces in the early hours of 18 October 1977 which saw the death of three of the militants.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Weber |first1=Jürgen |title=Germany, 1945–1990 : A Parallel History |last2=Parsons |first2=Nicholas |publisher=Central European University Press |year=2004 |isbn=9789639241701 |location=Budapest |pages=129 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=Special Forces : The world's most significant and famous elite forces |publisher=Parragon |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-4454-7213-3 |location=Bath |pages=58–59 |language=en}}</ref>