Editing Analogy (section)

=== Development ===
* [[Aristotle]] identified analogy in works such as [[Metaphysics]] and [[Nicomachean Ethics]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hesse |first1=Mary |title=Aristotle's Logic of Analogy |journal=The Philosophical Quarterly |date=October 1965 |volume=15 |issue=61 |pages=328–340 |doi=10.2307/2218258 |jstor=2218258 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2218258 |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[Rome|Roman]] lawyers used analogical reasoning and the Greek word ''analogia''. {{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* In [[Logic in Islamic philosophy|Islamic logic]], analogical reasoning was used for the process of [[qiyas]] in Islamic [[sharia]] law and [[fiqh]] jurisprudence. {{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
* Medieval lawyers distinguished ''[[analogia legis]]'' and ''[[analogia iuris]]'' (see below). 
* The [[Middle Ages]] saw an increased use and theorization of analogy.  
* In [[Christianity|Christian]] [[scholasticism|scholastic]] [[theology]], analogical arguments were accepted in order to explain the attributes of [[God]]. 
** [[Thomas Aquinas|Aquinas]] made a distinction between ''equivocal'', ''univocal'' and ''analogical'' terms, the last being those like ''healthy'' that have different but related meanings. Not only a person can be "healthy", but also the food that is good for health (see the contemporary distinction between [[polysemy]] and [[homonymy]]). {{citation needed|date=September 2023}}
** [[Thomas Cajetan]] wrote an influential treatise on analogy. In all of these cases, the wide Platonic and Aristotelian notion of analogy was preserved.

Cajetan named several kinds of analogy that had been used but previously unnamed, particularly:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Strumia |first1=Alberto |title=Analogy |url=https://inters.org/analogy |website=Interdisciplinary Encyclogpedia of Religion and Science |publisher=Pontifical University of the Holy Cross |access-date=11 June 2023}}</ref>

* Analogy of attribution (''analogia attributionis'') or improper proportionality, e.g., "This food is healthy."
* Analogy of proportionality (''analogia proportionalitatis'') or proper proportionality, e.g., "2 is to 1 as 4 is to 2", or "the goodness of humans is relative to their essence as the goodness of God is relative to God's essence."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tabaczek |first1=Mariusz |title=htA Trace of Similarity within Even Greater Dissimilarity |journal=Forum Philosophicum |date=November 2018 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=95–132 |doi=10.5840/forphil20182314 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335001068 |access-date=11 June 2023|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[Metaphor]], e.g., steely determination.