Editing Amalthea (mythology) (section)

=== Horn of Amalthea ===
[[File:Gold oktadrachm of Ptolemy IV Philopator MET DP139890.jpg|thumb|alt=Gold coin showing a horn, with an inscription around the edge|A [[cornucopia]] on a gold coin from [[Alexandria]], Egypt, produced during the reign of [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]]{{refn|[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] [https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/253072 30.115.21].}}]]
The "horn of Amalthea", referred to in Latin literature as the [[cornucopia]],{{sfnm|Sevasti||1p=127|Hard|2004|2p=280}} is a magical horn generally described as being able to produce an inexhaustible supply of any food or drink desired.{{sfnm|Fontenrose||1p=350|''LIMC''||2p=582}} The tale of this horn seems to have originated as an independent tradition to the raising of Zeus, though it is uncertain when the two merged.{{refn|{{harvnb|J. F. Miller|p=223}}; {{harvnb|Fowler|2013|pp=323&ndash;324}}; {{harvnb|''Brill's New Pauly'' Vol. 1|loc=s.v. Amalthea (1)}}; {{harvnb|West|1983|p=131}}. On when the tradition of this horn was first integrated with that of Zeus's infancy, see {{section link||Merging of traditions}}.}} The "horn of Amalthea" is mentioned as early as the [[Archaic Greece|archaic period]] by poets such as [[Anacreon]] and [[Phocylides]] (who both date to the 6th century BC),{{refn|{{harvnb|Fowler|2013|p=324}}; {{harvnb|Gantz|p=41}}; [[Anacreon]], fr. 361 ''PMG'' {{harv|Page|p=184}}; [[Phocylides]], fr. 7 {{harvnb|Gerber}} (pp. 396, 397).}} and is commonly referenced in comedies, such as those by [[Cratinus]] (5th century BC) and [[Aristophanes]] (5th to early 4th centuries BC).{{refn|{{harvnb|''Brill's New Pauly'' Vol. 1|loc=s.v. Amalthea (1)}}; {{harvnb|Fowler|2013|p=324}}; [[Aristophanes]], fr. 707 ''PCG'' {{harv|Kassel|Austin|1984|p=362}}; [[Cratinus]], fr. 261 ''PCG'' {{harv|Kassel|Austin|1983|p=255}}; [[Antiphanes (comic poet)|Antiphanes]], fr. 108 ''PCG'' {{harv|Kassel|Austin|1991|p=368}}; [[Philemon (poet)|Philemon]], fr. 68 ''PCG'' {{harv|Kassel|Austin|1989|p=261}}.}} According to the ''[[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'' of Apollodorus, the 5th-century BC mythographer [[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]] described the horn's ability to provide endless food and drink as desired, and considered it to belong to the nymph Amalthea.{{refn|{{harvnb|Fowler|2013|p=323}}; {{harvnb|Stephens|p=64 on lines 48&ndash;49}}; [[Pherecydes of Athens|Pherecydes]], fr. 42 {{harvtxt|Fowler|2000|p=303}} [{{=}} ''FGrHist'' 3 F42 {{=}} [[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 2.7.5 {{harv|Frazer|1921|pp=256, 257}}].}} In a lost poem by the 5th-century BC poet [[Pindar]], [[Heracles]] fought against the river-god [[Achelous]] (who battled him in the form of a bull) for the hand of [[Deianeira]], and during the fight Heracles pulled off one of Achelous's horns; the god then reclaimed his horn by trading it for the magical horn which he obtained from Amalthea, a daughter of [[Oceanus]].{{refn|{{harvnb|Davies|pp=xii&ndash;xiii}}; {{harvnb|Gantz|p=28}}; [[Pindar]], fr. 70b (249a) {{harvnb|Maehler}} (p. 77) [{{=}} Scholia D on [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'', 21.194 {{harv|Dindorf|p=218}}].}} In the same passage in which he cites Pherecydes, Apollodorus (1st to 2nd centuries AD) retells this story, and describes the nymph Amalthea as the daughter of Haemonius, whose name, meaning "[[Ancient Thessaly|Thessalian]]", indicates that this Amalthea is separate to the nurse of Zeus.{{refn|{{harvnb|Fowler|2013|p=323}}; [[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 2.7.5 {{harv|Frazer|1921|pp=256, 257}}.}} In Apollodorus's account, Amalthea's horn is that of a bull (an element also mentioned by the 4th-to-3rd-century BC poet [[Philemon (poet)|Philemon]]),{{refn|{{harvnb|Gantz|p=42}}; {{harvnb|''LIMC''|p=582}}; [[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], 2.7.5 {{harv|Frazer|1921|pp=256, 257}}; [[Philemon (poet)|Philemon]], fr. 68 ''PCG'' {{harv|Kassel|Austin|1989|p=261}}. According to Gantz, Apollodorus's source for this may be Pherecydes, whom he cites immediately afterwards.}} seemingly a result of confusion with the bull's horn of Achelous,{{refn|{{harvnb|Hard|2004|p=280}}; cf. {{harvnb|''LIMC''|p=581}}.}} while in other versions of the myth, told by [[Diodorus Siculus]] (1st century BC) and [[Strabo]] (1st century BC/AD), the horn of Amalthea is identified with that of Achelous.{{refn|{{harvnb|''RE''|loc=s.v. Amaltheia (1)}}; [[Diodorus Siculus]], 4.35.3&ndash;4 {{harv|Oldfather|1935|pp=456, 457}}; [[Strabo]], 10.2.19 {{harv|Jones|1928|pp=56, 57}}. For other versions of this myth, including those in which Amalthea is not mentioned, see {{section link|Achelous|Heracles and Deianeira}}.}}