Editing Alexander Borodin (section)

===Career as a chemist===
[[File:RR5009-0011R BU 160-летие со дня рождения А.П.Бородина.png|thumb|180px|[[List of commemorative coins of Russia (1993)|1993 Russian 1 ruble coin]] commemorating the 160th anniversary of Borodin's birth]]
In his profession Borodin gained great respect, being particularly noted for his work on [[aldehyde]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|title = Facing the Music: How Original Was Borodin's Chemistry?|first = M. D.|last = Gordin|journal = [[Journal of Chemical Education]]|year = 1996|volume = 83|issue = 4|pages = 561–566|doi = 10.1021/ed083p561}}</ref> Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin had a postdoctoral position at [[Heidelberg University]]. He worked in the laboratory of [[Emil Erlenmeyer]] working on benzene derivatives. He also spent time in [[University of Pisa|Pisa]], working on [[halocarbon]]s. One experiment published during 1862 described the first [[Nucleophilic substitution|nucleophilic displacement]] of [[chlorine]] by [[fluorine]] in [[benzoyl chloride]].<ref>{{cite journal|title = Borodin|first = E. J.|last = Behrman|journal = [[Journal of Chemical Education]]|year = 2006|volume = 83|issue = 8|page = 1138|doi = 10.1021/ed083p1138.1|bibcode = 2006JChEd..83.1138B|doi-access =free }}</ref> The radical halodecarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids was first demonstrated by Borodin during 1861 by his synthesis of [[methyl bromide]] from [[silver acetate]].<ref>{{cite journal|first = A.|last={{not a typo|Borodine}}|journal = [[Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie]]|year = 1861|volume = 119|pages = 121–123|doi = 10.1002/jlac.18611190113|title = Über Bromvaleriansäure und Brombuttersäure|language = de|trans-title = About bromovaleric acid and bromobutyric acid|url = https://zenodo.org/record/1427169}}</ref><ref name = JJL>{{cite book|title = Name Reactions: A Collection of Detailed Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications|edition = 5th|publisher = [[Springer Science & Business Media]]|pages = 327–328|first = J. J.|last = Li|chapter = Hunsdiecker&ndash;Borodin Reaction|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HoXBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA327|isbn = 978-3-319-03979-4|date = 2014-01-30}}</ref> It was [[Heinz Hunsdiecker]] and his wife [[Cläre Hunsdiecker|Cläre]], however, who developed Borodin's work into a general method, for which they were granted a [[US patent]] during 1939,<ref>{{cite patent|title = Method of manufacturing organic chlorine and bromine derivatives|country = US|number = 2176181|status = patent|pubdate = 1939-10-17|fdate = 1936-04-02|pridate = 1935-04-08|inventorlink1 = Cläre Hunsdiecker|inventor1-last = Hunsdiecker|inventor1-first = C.|inventor2-last = Vogt|inventor2-first = E.|inventorlink3 = Heinz Hunsdiecker|inventor3-last = Hunsdiecker|inventor3-first = H.|url = https://www.google.com/patents/US2176181|assign1 = Hunsdiecker, C.; Vogt, E.; Hunsdiecker, H.}}</ref> and which they published in the journal ''[[Chemische Berichte]]'' during 1942.<ref>{{cite journal|first1 = H.|last1 = Hunsdiecker|author-link1 = Heinz Hunsdiecker|first2 = C.|last2 = Hunsdiecker|author-link2 = Cläre Hunsdiecker|journal = [[Chemische Berichte]]|year = 1942|volume = 75|issue = 3|pages = 291–297|doi = 10.1002/cber.19420750309|title = Über den Abbau der Salze aliphatischer Säuren durch Brom|language = de|trans-title = About the degradation of salts of aliphatic acids by bromine}}</ref> The method is generally known as either the [[Hunsdiecker reaction]] or the Hunsdiecker&ndash;Borodin reaction.<ref name = JJL />

During 1862, Borodin returned to the Medical–Surgical Academy (now known as the [[S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy]]), and accepted a professorship of chemistry. He worked on self-[[condensation reaction|condensation]] of small aldehydes in a process now known as the [[aldol reaction]], the discovery of which is jointly credited to Borodin and [[Charles Adolphe Wurtz]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link = Clayton Heathcock|last = Heathcock|first = C. H.|editor1-last = Trost|editor1-first = B. M.|editor-link1 = Barry Trost|editor2-last = Fleming|editor2-first = I.|editor-link2 = Ian Fleming (chemist)|chapter = The Aldol Reaction: Acid and General Base Catalysis|title = Comprehensive Organic Synthesis|volume = 2|publisher = [[Elsevier Science]]|year = 1991|pages = 133–179|isbn = 978-0-08-052349-1|doi = 10.1016/B978-0-08-052349-1.00027-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter = The Directed Aldol Reaction|last = Mukaiyama|first = T.|title=[[Organic Reactions]]|author-link=Teruaki Mukaiyama|year = 1982|volume = 28|pages = 203–331|doi = 10.1002/0471264180.or028.03|isbn = 978-0-471-26418-7}}</ref> Borodin investigated the condensation of [[pentanal|valerian aldehyde]] and [[heptanal|oenanth aldehyde]], which was reported by von Richter during 1869.<ref>{{cite journal|last = von Richter|first = V.|year = 1869|url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.cl1hyq;view=1up;seq=600|title = Aus St. Petersburg am 17. October 1869|trans-title = From St. Petersburg on 17 October 1869|journal = [[Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft]]|language = de|volume = 2|pages = 552–554|doi=10.1002/cber.186900201222}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=e1dKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA286|year = 1869|title = Chemical notices from foreign sources: Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin, no. 16, 1869|journal = [[Chemical News]]|volume = 20|pages = 285–286}}</ref> During 1873, he described his work to the Russian Chemical Society<ref>{{cite journal|last = Borodin|first = A.|date=July–December 1873|title={{not a typo|Ueber}} einen neuen Abkömmling des Valerals|language = de|trans-title = On a new derivative of valerian aldehyde|journal = [[Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft]]|volume = 6|issue = 2|pages = 982–985|doi=10.1002/cber.18730060232| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425050 }}</ref> and noted similarities with compounds recently reported by Wurtz.<ref>{{cite journal|last = Wurtz|first = C. A.|author-link = Charles Adolphe Wurtz|journal = [[Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris]]|year =1872|title = Sur un aldéhyde-alcool|trans-title = On an aldehyde alcohol|language = fr|series = 2nd series|volume = 17|pages = 436–442|url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=iau.31858003147356;view=1up;seq=446}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last = Wurtz|first = C. A.|author-link = Charles Adolphe Wurtz|journal = [[Journal für Praktische Chemie]]|year = 1872|title = Ueber einen Aldehyd-Alkohol|language = de|trans-title = About an aldehyde alcohol|volume = 5|issue = 1|pages = 457–464|url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101076786381;view=1up;seq=471|doi = 10.1002/prac.18720050148}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last = Wurtz|first = C. A.|author-link = Charles Adolphe Wurtz|journal = [[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]|year = 1872|title = Sur un aldéhyde-alcool|trans-title = On an aldehyde alcohol|volume = 74|pages = 1361–1367|language = fr|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3031q/f1361.table}}</ref>

He published his last full article during 1875 on reactions of [[amide]]s and his last publication concerned a method for the identification of [[urea]] in animal urine.

His successor as chemistry professor of the Medical-Surgical academy was his son-in-law and fellow chemist, [[Aleksandr Dianin]].