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=== Early American settlements === [[File:Map of Alachua County, 1883.jpg|thumb|Map of Alachua County, 1883]] In 1817, F. M. Arredondo received the 20-mile square Arredondo Grant in the southern part of what is Alachua County. By the time Florida was formally transferred from Spain to the United States, people from the United States and from Europe were settling in the area. Wanton's Store, near the site of the abandoned King Payne's Town, attracted settlers, primarily from Europe<!-- which nations? -->, who founded [[Micanopy, Florida|Micanopy]]. The 1823 [[Treaty of Moultrie Creek]] required the Seminole to move a reservation south of what is now [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]], and the flow of settlers into the area increased. Many settlers occupied former Seminole towns, such as [[Hogtown, Florida|Hogtown]]. Alachua County was created by the Florida territorial legislature in 1824. The new county stretched from the border with Georgia, south to [[Charlotte Harbor (estuary)|Charlotte Harbor]]. The original [[county seat]] was Wanton's (per the store, as the name Micanopy had not been adopted). In 1828, the county seat was moved to [[Newnansville, Florida|Newnansville]], near the current site of the city of [[Alachua, Florida|Alachua]].<ref name=frontier/> As the area's population increased, Alachua County's size was reduced to organize new counties. In 1832, the county's northern part, including Newnansville, was separated to create [[Columbia County, Florida|Columbia County]], forcing the county seat to move to various temporary locations, then to [[Spring Grove, Florida|Spring Grove]], from 1836 to 1839. In 1834, [[Hillsborough County, Florida|Hillsborough County]] was created, which included the area around [[Tampa Bay]] down to Charlotte Harbor. In 1839, that part of Columbia County south of the [[Santa Fe River (Florida)|Santa Fe River]] was returned to Alachua County, and Newnansville was restored as the county seat. [[Hernando County, Florida|Hernando County]] was created in 1843 from that part of Alachua County south of the [[Withlacoochee River (Florida)|Withlacoochee River]]; [[Marion County, Florida|Marion County]] was created in 1844; and [[Levy County, Florida|Levy County]] was created in 1846 from that part of Alachua County west of the [[Suwannee River]]. It would be another 80 years before Alachua County was again reduced in size.<ref name=frontier/> In 1853, the residents of Alachua County realized that the route of the planned [[Florida Railroad]] connecting [[Fernandina Beach, Florida|Fernandina]] to [[Cedar Key, Florida|Cedar Key]] would bypass Newnansville. A general meeting at [[Boulware Springs Water Works|Boulware Springs]] was called to consider moving the county seat to a new town on the expected route of the railroad. The motion to move the county seat was hotly contested by the residents of Newnansville, but Tillman Ingram, a plantation owner in Hogtown who owned a sawmill there, offered to build a courthouse in the new town. The offer was for such as favorable price that the move was approved. At tha time, the name "Gainesville" was chosen for the new town. The county seat was moved to [[Gainesville, Florida|Gainesville]] in late 1856, upon completion of the new courthouse.<ref name="Hildreth and Cox">{{Cite book|last1=Hildreth|first1=Charles H.|last2=Cox|first2=Merlin G.|title=History of Gainesville|publisher=Alachua County Historical Society|year=1981|location=Gainesville, Florida|pages=2β3, 7β8}}</ref>
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