Editing Adrasteia (section)

==Associations with other goddesses==
===Cybele===
Adrasteia seems to have originally been a Phrygian mountain goddess, probably associated with [[Cybele]], the mountain mother goddess of [[Anatolia]].<ref>Graf, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/adrastea-e103890?s.num=276&s.rows=100&s.start=200 "Adrastea"] ("Goddess related to the mountain mother of Asia Minor, Cybele"); Hasluck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=McggyWzrvowC&pg=PA220 p. 220], ("Adrasteia has since Marquardt's time been generally acknowledged as a form of Cybele"); Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 pp. 499&ndash;500] ("There is no doubt that [Adrasteia] was a cult-name and probably a local title of Cybele detached at an early period"); Fries, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 p. 246] ("Originally a Phrygian mountain goddess"). See also Munn's discussion of Adrasteia, pp. 332&ndash;336, as one of the "Names of the Mother". However, note Leaf, [https://books.google.com/books?id=UtgtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA78 p. 78], which says that: "It is commonly assumed ... that Adresteia was originally a form of the Great Mother of Asia Minor transported to Greece. The grounds for such an idea are very feeble."</ref> [[Priapus]], [[Cyzicus]], and the [[Troad]], where Adrasteia's cult was established, were also areas where Cybele was especially worshipped.<ref>Golann, p. 44; Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 p. 499].</ref> The two earliest mentions of Adrasteia both suggest an association with Cybele. Adrasteia's description, in a fragment from the lost epic poem [[Phoronis (epic poem)|''Phoronis'']] as a Phrygian mountain goddess served by the [[Idaean Dactyls]], is hardly distinguishable from Cybele herself,<ref>Golann, p. 44; Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 pp. 499&ndash;500]; Hasluck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=McggyWzrvowC&pg=PA221 p. 221]. For the Idaean Dactyls as servants of the "Mother", see Fowler, [https://books.google.com/books?id=scd8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA43 p. 43]; [[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.3.22 10.3.22] (which says that of the various sources which describe the Idaean Dactyls, "all have assumed that they were ... attendants of the Mother of the gods"); [[Apollonius of Rhodes]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.93.xml 1.1125&ndash;1127]; [[Diodorus Siculus]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/17A*.html#7 17.7.5].</ref> while [[Aeschylus]]  locates Adrasteia in the "Berecynthan land", also the home of the "Mother of the Gods" (i.e. Cybele).<ref>Munn, pp. 2, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 333]; [[Aeschylus]], ''Niobe'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/aeschylus-attributed_fragments/2009/pb_LCL505.167.xml fr. 158 Radt] [= [[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:12.8.21 12.8.21]]. For the association of the "Mother of the Gods" with the "Berecynthan land", see   [[Pseudo-Plutarch]] ''De Fluviis'' [http://www.roman-emperors.org/Pseudo-P%20Revised.pdf 10.4-5] [= [[Agatharchides]] ''[[FGrHist]]'' 284 F 3].</ref>

===Nemesis===
Although apparently of independent origin, Adrasteia also came to be associated with [[Nemesis]], the goddess of divine retribution.<ref>Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 p. 499]; Golann, pp. 43&ndash;44; Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333]; Fries, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 246]&ndash;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 247], on lines 342&ndash;3; Smith, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aentry%3Dadrasteia-bio-2 s.v. Adrasteia 2].</ref> Nemesis and Adrasteia were worshipped together at [[Kos]].<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333 n. 63]; Hasluck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=McggyWzrvowC&pg=PA220 p. 220]; Graf, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/adrastea-e103890?s.num=276&s.rows=100&s.start=200 "Adrastea"]; Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 p. 499]; Paton and Hicks, [https://archive.org/details/inscriptionsofco00patouoft/page/50/mode/2up pp. 51&ndash;52, no. 29.9].</ref> In the fifth century BC the two goddesses were often identified, with Adrasteia becoming merely an epithet of Nemesis.<ref>West, p. 195 ("In the fifth century Adrastea is equivalent to Nemesis"); Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333]; Golann, p. 43; Smyth, ''Prometheus Bound'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng1:907-943  936, n. 2]; Murray, [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg019.perseus-eng2:342-350 note to ''Rhesus'' 342]; Smith, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aentry%3Dadrasteia-bio-2 s.v. Adrasteia 2].</ref> The explicit identification of the two goddesses is first found in the writings of the late fifth-century BC poet and grammarian [[Antimachus]] of [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]].<ref>Fries, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA246 246]&ndash;[https://books.google.com/books?id=QyzoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA247 247], on lines 342&ndash;3; Golann, p. 43; Hornum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-innYh2yO48C&pg=PA7 p. 7]; [[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:13.1.13 13.1.13] [= [[Antimachus]], fr. 131 Matthews = 53 Wyss]. Compare with [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-grc1:907-943 936]; [[Euripides]], ''[[Rhesus (play)|Rhesus]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-rhesus/2003/pb_LCL495.391.xml 342&ndash;343], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euripides-rhesus/2003/pb_LCL495.401.xml 468&ndash;473]; [[Plato]], ''[[Republic (Plato)|Republic]]'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/plato_philosopher-republic/2013/pb_LCL237.451.xml 451a]; [[Demosthenes]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/demosthenes-orations_xxv_aristogeiton_i/1935/pb_LCL299.537 25.37]; [[Menander]], ''Perikeiromene'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/menander_comic_poet-perikeiromene_girl_her_hair_cut_short/1997/pb_LCL459.403.xml 304]; ''[[Greek Anthology]]'', [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_anthology_9/1917/pb_LCL084.225.xml 9.405], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/greek_anthology_12/1918/pb_LCL085.365.xml 12.300]; [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''History'' [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/amminanus_marcellinus-history/1939/pb_LCL300.103.xml 14.11.25].</ref>

===Artemis===
Adrasteia, like Nemesis, was also associated with [[Artemis]].<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333]; Graf, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/adrastea-e103890?s.num=276&s.rows=100&s.start=200 "Adrastea"]; Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n89 p. 499]; For the association of Nemesis with Artemis see, Farnell, [https://archive.org/details/thecultsofthegre02farnuoft/page/n77 pp. 487&ndash;493]; Hornum, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H-l5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 p. 7]. According to Farnell, "We need not look further than [Adrasteia's association with Nemesis] for an explanation of the statement in Harpocration that Demetrius of Scepsis identified Adrasteia with Artemis, and for the presence of the statue of the former in the temple of Artemis Lerto and Apollo at Cirrha, the divinities who brought down due 'nemesis' on the Cirrhaeans." While according to Hasluck, [https://books.google.com/books?id=3AE6AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA220 p. 220 n. 1], "Demetrius of Scepsis' identification of Adrasteia with Artemis only shows the essential identity of the Asiatic, Artemis and the Mother."</ref> The land of the Berecyntians, where a fragment of [[Aeschylus]]' lost play ''Niobe'' locates the cult of Adrasteia, was also the home of Ephesian Artemis.<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333]; [[Callimachus]], ''Hymn 3, to Artemis'' [https://archive.org/details/callimachuslycop00calluoft/page/80/mode/2up?view=theater 3.242&ndash;247].</ref> According to the second-century-BC Greek grammarian [[Demetrius of Scepsis]], a certain Adrastus established Adrasteia as another name for Artemis.<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333 n. 63]; Graf, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/adrastea-e103890?s.num=276&s.rows=100&s.start=200 "Adrastea"]; [[Harpocration]], s.v. Ἀδράστειαν.</ref>  As noted above [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] saw a statue of Adrasteia in a temple of Artemis near [[Delphi]].<ref>Munn, [https://books.google.com/books?id=8W8lDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333 p. 333 n. 63]; [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.37.8 10.37.8].</ref>

===Others===
Adrasteia was also sometimes associated with other goddesses, including the [[Titans|Titan]] [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]] (who was herself associated with Mother goddess Cybele),<ref>[[Apollonius of Rhodes]], [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/apollonius_rhodes-argonautica/2009/pb_LCL001.93.xml 1.1114&ndash;1127]; [[Strabo]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-eng1:10.3.12 10.3.12] (Rhea associated with Cybele).</ref> [[Ananke]] (Necessity), the personification of inevitability,<ref>West, pp. 194&ndash;198, which calls this identification a "Hellenistic embellishment" (p. 195).</ref> and the Egyptian mother goddess [[Isis]].<ref>Graf, [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/adrastea-e103890?s.num=276&s.rows=100&s.start=200 "Adrastea"].</ref>