Editing Access control (section)

===Credential===
A credential is a physical/tangible object, a piece of knowledge, or a facet of a person's physical being that enables an individual access to a given physical facility or computer-based information system. Typically, credentials can be something a person knows (such as a number or PIN), something they have (such as an [[access badge]]), something they are (such as a biometric feature), something they do (measurable behavioural patterns), or some combination of these items. This is known as [[multi-factor authentication]]. The typical credential is an access card or key-fob, and newer software can also turn users' smartphones into access devices.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 April 2014|title=MicroStrategy's office of the future includes mobile identity and cybersecurity|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/microstrategys-office-of-the-future-includes-mobile-identity-and-cybersecurity/2013/04/13/eb82e074-a1e3-11e2-be47-b44febada3a8_story.html|url-status=live|access-date=30 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216093132/http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/microstrategys-office-of-the-future-includes-mobile-identity-and-cybersecurity/2013/04/13/eb82e074-a1e3-11e2-be47-b44febada3a8_story.html|archive-date=16 February 2014}}</ref>

There are many card technologies including magnetic stripe, bar code, [[Wiegand effect|Wiegand]], 125&nbsp;kHz proximity, 26-bit card-swipe, contact smart cards, and [[contactless smart card]]s. Also available are key-fobs, which are more compact than ID cards, and attach to a key ring. [[Biometrics|Biometric technologies]] include fingerprint, [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]], [[iris recognition]], [[retinal scan]], voice, and hand geometry. The built-in biometric technologies found on newer smartphones can also be used as credentials in conjunction with access software running on mobile devices.<ref>{{cite web|date=16 September 2013|title=iPhone 5S: A Biometrics Turning Point?|url=http://www.bankinfosecurity.com/iphone-5s-biometrics-turning-point-a-6065/op-1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911223315/http://www.bankinfosecurity.com/iphone-5s-biometrics-turning-point-a-6065/op-1|archive-date=11 September 2015|access-date=30 March 2014|publisher=BankInfoSecurity.com}}</ref> In addition to older more traditional card access technologies, newer technologies such as [[near-field communication]] (NFC), [[Bluetooth low energy]] or [[Ultra-wideband]] (UWB) can also communicate user credentials to readers for system or building access.<ref>{{cite web|date=25 September 2013|title=NFC access control: cool and coming, but not close|url=http://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/nfc-access-control-cool-and-coming-not-close|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406155040/http://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/nfc-access-control-cool-and-coming-not-close|archive-date=6 April 2014|access-date=30 March 2014|publisher=Security Systems News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=11 June 2012|title=Ditch Those Tacky Key Chains: Easy Access with EC Key|url=http://www.wirelessdesignmag.com/blogs/2012/06/ditch-those-tacky-key-chains-easy-access-ec-key|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407101653/http://www.wirelessdesignmag.com/blogs/2012/06/ditch-those-tacky-key-chains-easy-access-ec-key|archive-date=7 April 2014|access-date=31 March 2014|publisher=Wireless Design and Development}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=26 November 2013|title=Kisi And KeyMe, Two Smart Phone Apps, Might Make House Keys Obsolete|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/house-keys-extinct_n_4339682.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311201754/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/house-keys-extinct_n_4339682.html|archive-date=11 March 2015|website=The Huffington Post}}</ref>