Editing Abydos (Hellespont) (section)

===Classical period===
[[File:Thracian Chersonese.svg |thumb|left|200px|The environs of Abydos in Antiquity]]
Abydos is mentioned in the ''[[Iliad]]'' as a [[Troy|Trojan]] ally,<ref name="Mitchell">Mitchell (2005)</ref> and, according to [[Strabo]], was occupied by [[Bebryces]] and later [[Thracians]] after the [[Trojan War]].<ref>Leveniotis (2017), p. 4</ref> It has been suggested that the city was originally a [[Phoenicia]]n colony as there was a temple of [[Aphrodite]] Porne (Aphrodite the Harlot) within Abydos.<ref>Miller (2014), p. 20</ref><ref>Gorman (2001), p. 243</ref> Abydos was settled by [[Miletus|Milesian]] colonists contemporaneously with the foundation of the cities of [[Karabiga|Priapos]] and [[Marmara Island|Prokonnesos]] in {{circa|670 BC}}.<ref name="Hansen993">Hansen & Nielsen (2004), p. 993</ref> Strabo related that [[Gyges of Lydia|Gyges]], King of [[Lydia]], granted his consent to the Milesians to settle Abydos;<ref name="Bean">Bean (1976), p. 5</ref> it is argued that this was carried out by Milesian mercenaries to act as a garrison to prevent Thracian raids into Asia Minor.<ref>Fine (1983), p. 80</ref> The city became a thriving centre for tuna exportation as a result of the high yield of tuna in the Hellespont.<ref>Roesti (1966), p. 82</ref>

Abydos was ruled by Daphnis, a pro-Persian [[tyrant]], in the 520s BC,<ref name="Hansen1003">Hansen & Nielsen (2004), p. 1003</ref> but was occupied by the [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian Empire]] in 514.<ref name="Mitchell"/> [[Darius I]] destroyed the city following his [[European Scythian campaign of Darius I|Scythian campaign]] in 512.<ref name="Hansen1003"/> Abydos participated in the [[Ionian Revolt]] in the early 5th century BC,<ref name="Brill"/> however, the city returned briefly to Persian control as, in 480, at the onset of the [[Second Persian invasion of Greece]], [[Xerxes I]] and the Persian army passed through Abydos on their march to Greece crossing the Hellespont on [[Xerxes' Pontoon Bridges]].<ref name="Mitchell"/> After the failed Persian invasion, Abydos became a member of the [[Classical Athens|Athenian]]-led [[Delian League]],<ref name="Mitchell"/> and was part of the [[Members of the Delian League#Hellespontine phoros|Hellespontine district]].<ref name="Hansen1003"/> Ostensibly an ally, Abydos was hostile to Athens throughout this time,<ref name="Bean"/> and contributed a ''[[phoros]]'' of 4-6 [[Talent (measurement)|talents]].<ref name="Brill"/> [[Xenophon]] documented that Abydos possessed gold mines at Astyra or Kremaste at the time of his writing.<ref name="Bean"/>

[[File:TROAS, Abydos. Circa 480-450 BC.jpg|thumb|Coinage of Abydos around the time of the Persian Wars. ABYΔ-[H]NON, eagle standing left / Facing gorgoneion with protruding tongue, within incuse square. Circa 500-480 BC]]
During the [[Second Peloponnesian War]], a [[Sparta]]n expedition led by [[Dercylidas]] arrived at Abydos in early May 411 BC and successfully convinced the city to defect from the Delian League and fight against Athens,<ref>Kagan (2013), p. 102</ref> at which time he was made [[harmost]] (commander/governor) of Abydos.<ref name="Hodkinson ">Hodkinson (2005)</ref> A Spartan fleet was [[Battle of Abydos|defeated]] by Athens at Abydos in the autumn of 411 BC.<ref>Westlake (1985), p. 313</ref> Abydos was attacked by the Athenians in the winter of 409/408 BC, but was repelled by a Persian force led by [[Pharnabazus II|Pharnabazus]], [[satrap]] (governor) of [[Hellespontine Phrygia]].<ref>Kagan (2013), p. 276</ref> Dercylidas held the office of harmost of Abydos until at least {{circa|407}}.<ref name="Hodkinson " /> According to [[Aristotle]], Abydos had an [[oligarchic]] constitution at this time.<ref name="Hansen1003"/> At the beginning of the [[Corinthian War]] in 394 BC, [[Agesilaus II]], King of Sparta, passed through Abydos into Thrace.<ref name="Phang"/> Abydos remained an ally of Sparta throughout the war and Dercylidas served as harmost of the city from 394 until he was replaced by [[Anaxibius]] in {{circa|390}}; the latter was killed in an ambush near Abydos by the Athenian general [[Iphicrates]] in {{circa|389/388}}.<ref name="Phang">Phang et al. (2016), p. 57</ref> At the conclusion of the Corinthian War, under the terms of the [[Peace of Antalcidas]] in 387 BC, Abydos was annexed to the Persian Empire.<ref name="Bean"/> Within the Persian Empire, Abydos was administered as part of the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia,<ref>Jacobs (2011)</ref> and was ruled by the tyrant [[Philiscus of Abydos|Philiscus]] in 368.<ref>Fine (1983), p. 584</ref><ref>Maffre (2007), p. 129</ref> In {{circa|360 BC}}, the city came under the control of the tyrant Iphiades.<ref name="Hansen1003"/>