Editing Abd al-Rahman III (section)

====Lineage and appearance====
[[File:Toda Aznares - The Portuguese Genealogy (Genealogia dos Reis de Portugal).jpg|thumb|Toda Aznares half aunt of Abd al-Rahman III]]
Abd al-Rahman was born in [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], on 18 December 890.<ref name="worldhistory" /><ref>His year of birth is given as 891 in the [[Chambers Biographical Dictionary]], {{ISBN|0-550-18022-2}}, p. 2</ref> His year of birth is also given as 889 and 891. He was the grandson of [[Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi]], seventh independent [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] emir of [[al-Andalus]]. His parents were Abdullah's son Muhammad and Muzna (or Muzayna), a Christian concubine.<ref>{{cite book| url = http://www.bookrags.com/biography/abd-al-rahman-iii/| title = Abd al-Rahman, III Biography}}</ref> His paternal grandmother was also a Christian, the royal ''infanta'' [[Onneca Fortúnez]], daughter of the captive king [[Fortún Garcés of Pamplona]]. Abd al-Rahman was thus nephew in the half-blood of queen [[Toda of Pamplona]]. He is described as having "white skin, blue eyes and attractive face; good looking, although somewhat sturdy and stout. His legs were short, to the point that the stirrups of his saddle were mounted just one palm under it. When mounted, he looked tall, but on his feet he was quite short. He dyed his beard black."<ref name="ibn">[[Ibn Idhari]], ''Kitab al-Bayan''</ref> He had reddish-blond hair,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flood |first=Timothy M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Duh3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |title=Rulers and Realms in Medieval Iberia, 711-1492 |publisher=McFarland & Company |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-4766-7471-1 |pages=38 |language=en}}</ref> which he reportedly dyed black to appear more "Arab".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Heng |first=Geraldine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snRJDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142 |title=The Invention of Race in the European Middle Ages |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2018 |isbn=978-1-108-42278-9 |pages=142 |language=en}}</ref>