Editing 889 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[Guy III of Spoleto|Guy III]], duke of [[Duchy of Spoleto|Spoleto]], defeats the [[Lombardy|Lombard]] king [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]] at the [[Trebbia|Trebbia River]], and is acclaimed as king of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]] at an assembly in [[Pavia]]. After confirming some privileges to the [[Catholic Church]], he is crowned with the [[Iron Crown of Lombardy]], by [[Pope Stephen V]].<ref>Canduci, p. 221.</ref> Berengar is forced to retreat to [[Verona]]; Guy does not pursue him into [[Friuli]], because of the (possible) wrath of King [[Arnulf of Carinthia]].
* [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Boris I]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], abdicates the [[throne]] after a 37-year reign, and retires to a [[monastery]]. He is succeeded by his eldest son [[Vladimir of Bulgaria|Vladimir]], as monarch of [[Bulgaria]]. Vladimir falls under the influence of the old [[boyar]]s; many remain anti-Christian and anti-Byzantine. He attempts to restore the former Frankish [[Military alliance|alliance]], and to reestablish [[paganism]].<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|page=130}}</ref>
* Arnulf of Carinthia has his illegitimate son [[Zwentibold]] recognized, as heir of the [[East Francia|East Frankish Kingdom]]. He supports the claim of [[Louis the Blind]] as king of [[Lower Burgundy|Provence]], after receiving a personal appeal from Louis's mother, [[Ermengard of Italy|Ermengard]], who comes to see Arnulf at [[Forchheim]] (Northern [[Bavaria]]).<ref>Mann III, p. 382.</ref> Arnulf grants the town of [[Osnabrück]] trade and coinage privileges.
* A ship carrying about twenty Arab [[Piracy|freebooters]], from [[Pechina]] in [[Al-Andalus]] (modern [[Spain]]), sets anchor in the Gulf of [[Saint-Tropez]] in Provence. They establish a fortified base at [[Fraxinet]] (modern-day [[La Garde-Freinet]]). After raiding the surrounding area, the Muslim colony is bolstered by contingents of [[Saracen]] adventurers.
* The [[Hungarians|Magyars]], an [[Ugric languages|Ugric]] tribe from the steppe of [[Central Asia]], move west under the leadership of [[Árpád]]. They are pushed by their rivals, the [[Pechenegs]], into the [[Balkans|Balkan Peninsula]], and become entangled in a war between Bulgaria and the [[Byzantine Empire]]. The Magyars head north and settle in [[Great Moravia]].
* In Italy, [[Forlì]] becomes a [[Medieval commune|republic]] for the first time. The city is allied with the Ghibelline faction, in the medieval struggles between the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]].
* In [[Portugal]], the [[County of Coimbra|count of Coimbra]], [[Hermenegildo Gutiérrez]], reconquers [[Coimbra]], which was temporarily lost after the first conquest of [[878]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle0. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=109}}</ref>