Editing 491 BC (section)

==== Greece ====
* [[Darius I of Persia|Darius I]] sends envoys to all Greek cities, demanding "earth and water for vassalage" which [[Athens]] and [[Sparta]] refuse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greeks - Themistocles |url=https://www.pbs.org/empires/thegreeks/characters/themistocles_p4.html |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.pbs.org}}</ref>
* The Greek city of [[Aegina]], fearing the loss of trade, submits to [[Achaemenid Empire|Persia]]. The [[Sparta]]n king, [[Cleomenes I]] tries to punish Aegina for its submission to the Persians, but the other Spartan king, [[Demaratus]], thwarts him.
* [[Cleomenes I]] engineers the deposing of Spartan co-ruler Demaratus (and his replacement by Cleomenes’ cousin [[Leotychidas]]) by bribing the [[oracle]] at [[Delphi]] to announce that this action was divine will. The two Spartan kings successfully capture the Persian collaborators in Aegina.