Editing 1901 (section)

== Events ==

=== January ===
{{Main|January 1901}}
[[File:Flag of Australia.svg|110px|thumb|January 1: The [[Commonwealth of Australia]] forms as [[British overseas territories|British colonies]] [[Federation of Australia|federate]].]]
[[File:Edward vii england.jpg|110px|thumb|January 22: King [[Edward VII]] ascends the [[British monarchy|British throne]].]]
* [[January 1]]
** The [[Crown colony|British colonies]] of [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[South Australia]], [[Tasmania]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] and [[Western Australia]] [[Federation of Australia|federate]] as the [[Australia|Commonwealth of Australia]]; [[Edmund Barton]] becomes the first [[Prime Minister of Australia]].
** [[Nigeria]] becomes a British protectorate.
* [[January 9]] &ndash; [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Lord Kitchener]] reports that [[Christiaan de Wet]] has shot one of the "peace" envoys, and flogged two more, who had gone to his commando to ask the Burgher citizens of South Africa to halt fighting.<ref>{{cite book | last=Grant | first=Neil | title=Chronicle of 20th Century Conflict | year=1993 | publisher=Reed International Books Ltd. & Smithmark Publishers Inc. | location=New York City | isbn=978-0-8317-1371-3 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/chronicleof20thc00gran/page/18 18–19] | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/chronicleof20thc00gran/page/18 }}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; [[Queen Victoria]] of the United Kingdom dies at [[Osborne House]] on the [[Isle of Wight]]. She is 81 years old and, having ruled for nearly 64 years, will be the second longest-reigning monarch in [[British history]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> Her eldest son, Prince Albert Edward, "Bertie", the longest-serving [[Prince of Wales]] to this time, succeeds his mother at the age of 59, reigning as [[King Edward VII]], of the [[United Kingdom]] and in innovation the [[British Dominions]] and also becoming [[Emperor of India]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Derrik|last=Mercer|title=Chronicle of the Royal Family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivo9okUs30wC|date=February 1993|publisher=Chronicle Communications|isbn=978-1-872031-20-0|page=478|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=December 7, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207121924/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivo9okUs30wC|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[January 31]] &ndash; [[Anton Chekhov]]'s play ''[[Three Sisters (play)|Three Sisters]]'' (Три сeстры, ''Tri sestry'') is premiered at the [[Moscow Art Theatre]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Three Sisters|encyclopedia=Historical Dictionary of Russian Theater|first=Laurence|last=Senelick|author-link=Laurence Senelick|publisher=Scarecrow Press|year=2007|page=401}}</ref>

=== February ===
{{Main|February 1901}}
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The [[State funeral of Queen Victoria]], held at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle]], UK, is attended by many European royals, including [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]] and [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/windsor/windsorhistory/royalfunerals/qvicfuneral01.html |title=The Funeral at Windsor of Queen Victoria|website=The Royal Windsor Website.com|publisher=ThamesWeb|access-date=2017-01-22 |archive-date=October 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018223811/http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/windsor/windsorhistory/royalfunerals/qvicfuneral01.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Viceroy of India]] [[Lord Curzon]] creates the new [[North-West Frontier Province (1901–55)|North-West Frontier Province]] in the north of the [[Punjab region]], bordering [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]].
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Edward VII]] opens his first [[parliament of the United Kingdom]].
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The [[Hawaii|Hawaii Territory]] Legislature convenes for the first time.
* [[February 22]] &ndash; The [[Pacific Mail Steamship Company]]'s {{SS|City of Rio de Janeiro}} sinks entering [[San Francisco Bay]], killing 128.
* [[February 23]] &ndash; The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and [[German Empire|Germany]] agree on the frontier between [[German East Africa]] and [[Nyasaland]].
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[U.S. Steel]] is incorporated by industrialist [[J. P. Morgan]], as the first billion-dollar corporation.
* [[February 26]]
** Chi-hsui and Hsu-cheng-yu, [[Boxer Rebellion]] leaders, are executed in [[Peking]].
** The [[Middelburg, Mpumalanga|Middelburg]] peace conference fails in South Africa, as [[Boers]] continue to demand autonomy.
* [[February 27]] &ndash; The Sultan of [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] orders 50,000 troops to the [[Principality of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]n frontier because of unrest in [[Macedonia (region)|Macedonia]].

=== March ===
{{Main|March 1901}}
[[File:Wilhelm II (1).jpg|110px|thumb|March 6: [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]], survives an assassination attempt.]]
* [[March 1]]
** The [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] protest the [[Qing dynasty|Sino]]-[[Russian Empire|Russia]]n agreement on [[Manchuria]].
** The 1901 [[Census of India]] is taken, the fourth, and first reliable, [[census]] of the [[British Raj]].
* [[March 2]] &ndash; The [[United States Congress]] passes the [[Platt Amendment]], limiting the autonomy of [[Cuba]] as a condition for the withdrawal of American troops.
* [[March 5]] &ndash; [[Irish nationalist]] demonstrators are ejected by police from the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom]] in London.
* [[March 6]] &ndash; In [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]], an assassination attempt is made on [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]].
* [[March 17]] &ndash; The first large-scale showing of [[Van Gogh]]'s paintings takes place in Paris, as 71 are shown at the [[Bernheim-Jeune]] gallery, 11 years after his death.<ref name="auto">{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>
* [[March 31]]
** A 7.2 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1901 Black Sea earthquake|Black Sea earthquake]] occurs off the northeast coast of Bulgaria, with a maximum intensity of X (''Extreme''). A destructive tsunami affects the [[Dobrich Province|province of Dobrich]].
** The [[United Kingdom Census 1901]] is taken. The number of people employed in manufacturing is at its highest-ever level.

=== April ===
{{Main|April 1901}}
* [[April 19]] &ndash; The [[First Philippine Republic]] is formally dissolved, after president [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] calls all Filipino forces to lay down arms and cease hostilities.
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Antisemitism|Anti-Semitic]] rioting breaks out in [[Budapest]].

=== May ===
{{Main|May 1901}}
* [[May 5]] &ndash; The [[Caste War of Yucatán]] in Mexico officially ends, although [[Maya peoples|Maya]]n skirmishers continue sporadic fighting for another decade.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; The first [[Australian Parliament]] opens in [[Melbourne]].
* [[May 17]] &ndash; [[Panic of 1901]]: The [[New York Stock Exchange]] crashes.
* [[May 24]] &ndash; 81 miners are killed in an accident at Universal Colliery, [[Senghenydd]] in [[South Wales]].
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The [[Club Atlético River Plate]] is founded in [[Argentina]].
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[D'Arcy Concession]]: [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]] of Persia grants British businessman [[William Knox D'Arcy]] a concession giving him an exclusive right to prospect for oil.

===June===
{{Main|June 1901}}
[[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|110px|thumb|June 12: [[Cuba]] becomes a United States [[protectorate]].]]
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Cuba]] becomes a United States [[protectorate]].
* [[June 15]] &ndash; {{RMS|Lucania}} is the first [[Cunard Line]] ship to receive a wireless radio set.
* [[June 18]] &ndash; British peace campaigner [[Emily Hobhouse]] reports on the high mortality and cruel conditions in the [[Second Boer War concentration camps]].<ref name="SAHO W&C">{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/special-chrono/governance/mainframe-womencamp.htm|title=Women & Children in White Concentration Camps during the Anglo-Boer War|website=South African History Online|access-date=2024-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607091953/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/chronology/special-chrono/governance/mainframe-womencamp.htm|archive-date=2011-06-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[June 24]] 
** The first showing of [[Picasso]]'s paintings in Paris as the 19-year-old Spanish artist exhibits his work at [[Ambroise Vollard]]'s gallery.<ref name="auto" />
** English Association Football Club [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] is formed by John Jackson to replace the amateur Brighton and Hove Rangers, following a meeting at the Seven Stars Hotel on Ship Street, [[Brighton]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brighton & Hove Albion |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/club/history/club-history/formation#:~:text=Brighton%20and%20Hove%20are%20twin,founded%20Brighton%20United%20in%201897. |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.brightonandhovealbion.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515183116/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/club/history/club-history/formation#:~:text=Brighton%20and%20Hove%20are%20twin,founded%20Brighton%20United%20in%201897. |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== July–August ===
{{Main|July 1901}}
{{Main|August 1901}}
* [[July 1]] &ndash; The first [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] [[Fingerprint]] Bureau is established at [[Scotland Yard]], the [[Metropolitan Police]] headquarters in London, by [[Edward Henry]].
* [[July 4]]
** The 1,282 foot (390 m) covered bridge crossing the [[Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)|Saint John River]] at [[Hartland, New Brunswick]], Canada opens. It is the longest [[covered bridge]] in the world.
** [[William Howard Taft]] becomes [[Governor-General of the Philippines]].
* [[July 10]] &ndash; The world's first passenger-carrying [[trolleybus]] in regular service operates on the [[Biela Valley Trolleybus]] route at [[Königstein, Saxony|Königstein]], Germany.
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Peter O'Connor (athlete)|Peter O'Connor]] sets the first [[International Association of Athletics Federations]] recognised [[long jump]] [[athletics world record|world record]], of 24&nbsp;ft 11¾ ins (7.61m). The record will stand for 20 years.
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Discovery Expedition|''Discovery'' Expedition]]: [[Robert Falcon Scott]] sets sail from Britain on the [[RRS Discovery|RRS ''Discovery'']] to explore the [[Ross Sea]] in Antarctica.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The first claimed [[Aviation|powered flight]] is made, by German-born American aviator [[Gustave Whitehead]], in his ''[[Whitehead No. 21|Number 21]]'', in [[Connecticut]].
* [[August 21]] &ndash; The [[International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres]] is founded in [[Copenhagen]].
* [[August 30]] &ndash; [[Hubert Cecil Booth]] [[patent]]s an electric [[vacuum cleaner]], in the United Kingdom.

=== September ===
{{Main|September 1901}}
[[File:McKinleyAssassination.jpg|110px|thumb|[[September 6]]: US President [[William McKinley]] is shot and fatally wounded.]]
[[File:BoxerSoldiers.jpg|110px|thumb|September 7: The [[Boxer Rebellion]] in China ends with the signing of the [[Peking Protocol]].]]
* [[September 5]] &ndash; The National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues (later renamed [[Minor League Baseball]]), is formed in Chicago.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[William McKinley assassination]]: American anarchist [[Leon Czolgosz]] shoots U.S. President [[William McKinley]] at the [[Pan-American Exposition]] in [[Buffalo, New York]]. McKinley dies 8 days later.
* [[September 7]] &ndash; The [[Boxer Rebellion]] in [[Qing dynasty]] China officially ends with the signing of the [[Boxer Protocol]].
* [[September 14]] &ndash; Vice President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] becomes the 26th president of the United States, upon President [[William McKinley]]'s death.
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Philippine–American War]]: [[Balangiga massacre]]: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty United States soldiers in a surprise attack in the town of [[Balangiga]].

=== October ===
{{Main|October 1901}}
* [[October 2]] &ndash; The British [[Royal Navy]]'s first [[submarine]], ''[[Holland 1]]'', is launched at [[Barrow-in-Furness]].
* [[October 4]] &ndash; The American yacht ''[[Columbia (1899 yacht)|Columbia]]'' defeats the British ''[[Shamrock (yacht)|Shamrock]]'' in the [[America's Cup]] yachting race in New York.
* [[October 24]] &ndash; [[Michigan]] schoolteacher [[Annie Edson Taylor]] goes over [[Niagara Falls]] in a barrel and survives.
* [[October 29]] 
**[[Leon Czolgosz]] is [[Capital punishment|executed]] in the electric chair for the [[assassination of William McKinley]] in [[Buffalo, New York]] on September 6.
**In [[Amherst, New York]], nurse [[Jane Toppan]] is arrested for murdering the Davis family of [[Boston]] with an overdose of [[morphine]]; she will confess to at least 31 killings.

=== November ===
{{Main|November 1901}}
* [[November 1]] &ndash; The [[Sigma Phi Epsilon]] college fraternity is founded in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
* [[November 9]] &ndash; [[Rachmaninoff]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 2]] is premiered in [[Moscow]] with the composer playing the solo part.<ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Griffiths|title=The Penguin Companion to Classical Music|year=2004}}</ref>
* [[November 13]] &ndash; [[1901 Caister lifeboat disaster]]: a life-boat capsizes on service on the east coast of England during a great storm; nine of the twelve crew on board are killed. This gives ride to the lifeboatmen's motto "Never turn back."
* [[November 15]] &ndash; The [[Alpha Sigma Alpha]] fraternity is founded at [[Longwood University]] in [[Farmville, Virginia]].
* [[November 18]] &ndash; The [[Hay–Pauncefote Treaty]] is signed by the United Kingdom and United States, allowing the U.S. to build the [[Panama Canal]] under its sole control.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[Auguste Deter]] is first examined by [[German Empire|German]] [[psychiatrist]] Dr. [[Alois Alzheimer]], leading to a diagnosis of the [[Alzheimer's disease|condition that will carry Alzheimer's name]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/177.html|title=Alois Alzheimer|website=[[Who Named It?|Whonamedit?]]|access-date=2011-10-21|archive-date=March 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325195844/http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/177.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1901}}
* [[December 3]]
** U.S. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] delivers a 20,000-word speech to the [[United States House of Representatives]] asking Congress to curb the power of [[Trust (19th century)|trusts]] "within reasonable limits".
** The [[Immigration Restriction Act 1901]] is passed by the new [[Parliament of Australia]] as the basis of a [[White Australia]] policy.<ref>{{cite book |first=Hans-Jürgen |last=Ohff |title=Disastrous Ventures: German and British Enterprises in East New Guinea up to 1914 |publisher=Plenum Publishing |year=2015}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; The first [[Nobel Prize]] ceremony is held in [[Stockholm]], on the fifth anniversary of [[Alfred Nobel]]'s death.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Guglielmo Marconi]] receives the first trans-Atlantic radio signal, sent from [[Poldhu]], England, to [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Newfoundland and Labrador|Newfoundland]]; it is the letter "S" in [[Morse code]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Bussey|title=Marconi's Atlantic Leap|location=Coventry|publisher=Marconi|year=2000|isbn=978-0-9538967-0-7}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] &ndash; The final spike is driven into the [[Uganda Railway|Mombasa–Victoria–Uganda Railway]], in modern-day [[Kisumu]], [[Kenya]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[okapi]] is observed for the first time by Europeans (previously known only to African natives).
* New Zealand inventor [[Ernest Godward]] invents the [[spiral hairpin]].
* German engineer [[Richard Fiedler]] invents the modern [[flamethrower]], the [[Kleinflammenwerfer]].
* American businessman [[William S. Harley]] draws up plans for his first prototype [[Harley-Davidson|motorcycle]].
* AB Lux, as the predecessor of [[Electrolux]], founded in Sweden.<ref>[[:sv:Luxlampa/Luxlampan]] (Swedish language edition). Retrieved December 2018.</ref>
* [[United States|American]] retail [[pharmacy]] [[Walgreens]] is founded in [[Chicago]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Garside |first=Juliette |title=Walgreens: a short history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jun/19/walgreens-short-history |work=The Guardian |access-date=3 July 2020 |location=London |date=19 June 2012 |archive-date=July 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704214456/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jun/19/walgreens-short-history |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The [[Intercollegiate Prohibition Association]] is established in Chicago.
* The [[Bulgarian Women's Union]] is founded.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Haan |first1=Francisca de |last2=Daskalova |first2=Krasimira |last3=Loutfi |first3=Anna |title=Biographical Dictionary of Women's Movements and Feminisms in Central, Eastern, and South Eastern Europe: 19th and 20th Centuries |date=2006 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=978-963-7326-39-4 |page=235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsgQjbgBOAkC&pg=PA235 |language=en |access-date=September 21, 2020 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207121924/https://books.google.com/books?id=hsgQjbgBOAkC&pg=PA235#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''[[Splošno slovensko žensko društvo ]]'', the first women's organisation in Slovenia, is founded.