Editing 1820s (section)

=== East Asia ===
==== Indonesia ====
{{Main|Dutch East Indies}}
* 1824 &ndash; The [[Netherlands|Dutch]] sign the Masang Agreement, temporarily ending hostilities in the [[Padri War]] in [[West Sumatra]].

===== Java War =====
{{Main|Java War}}
The Java War (also known as the "Diponegoro War") was fought in Java between 1825 and 1830. It started as a [[rebellion]] led by Prince [[Diponegoro]] after the Dutch decided to build a road across a piece of his property that contained his parents' tomb.

The troops of Prince Diponegoro were very successful in the beginning, controlling the middle of Java and besieging Yogyakarta. Furthermore, the Javanese population was supportive of Prince Diponegoro's cause, whereas the Dutch colonial authorities were initially very indecisive. As the Java war prolonged, Prince Diponegoro had difficulties in maintaining the numbers of his troops.  Prince Diponegoro started a fierce guerrilla war and it was not until 1827 that the Dutch army gained the upper hand.  The Dutch colonial army was able to fill its ranks with troops from [[Sulawesi]], and later on from the [[Netherlands]].

The rebellion finally ended in 1830, after Prince Diponegoro was tricked into entering Dutch custody near [[Magelang]], believing he was there for negotiations for a possible cease-fire.  It is estimated that 200,000<ref name="RicKlefs">M. C. RicKlefs: ''A History of modern Indonesia since 1300'', p.&nbsp;117.</ref> died over the course of the conflict, 8,000 being Dutch.<ref name="RicKlefs" />

==== Malaysia ====
{{Main|British Malaya}}
* November [[1821]] - [[Siamese invasion of Kedah]] &ndash; The [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siamese]] forces of [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai|King Rama II]] achieved a rapid victory against those of [[Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II]] of [[Sultanate of Kedah|Kedah]], in what is now northern [[Malaysia]]. The campaign initiated a period of two decades in which Kedah resisted Siamese control. The Sultan took refuge on [[Penang Island]], then under British control.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.san.beck.org/20-9-Siam,Laos,Cambodia1800-1950.html|title=Siam, Cambodia, and Laos 1800-1950 by Sanderson Beck|website=www.san.beck.org}}</ref>  By 1822 there was a rise in the population of the British territories caused by an influx of Malays displaced by the invasion.<ref>{{cite book|author=Nordin Hussin|title=Trade and Society in the Straits of Melaka: Dutch Melaka And English Penang, 1780–1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=64xZZ3gbajMC&pg=PA188|access-date=20 April 2012|year=2007|publisher=NIAS Press|isbn=978-87-91114-88-5|page=188}}</ref>
* [[1826]] &ndash; The [[Burney Treaty]] allowed the Siamese view of their rights to prevail in Kelah.<ref>[[Frank Athelstane Swettenham]], ''Map to Illustrate the Siamese Question'' (1893) p. 62; [https://archive.org/stream/apf3019.0001.001.umich.edu#page/62/mode/2up archive.org.]</ref>
* [[1826]] &ndash; The British [[crown colony]] of the [[Straits Settlements]] is established in what is now [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]].

==== Vietnam ====
{{Main|Nguyen dynasty}}
* [[February 14]], 1820 &ndash; [[Minh Mang]] starts to rule in [[Vietnam]].
* [[1825]] &ndash; [[Minh Mang]] outlaws the teaching of [[Christianity]] in [[Vietnam]].

==== Laos ====
{{Main|History of Laos to 1945}}
* [[1827]]: [[King Anouvong]] of [[Kingdom of Vientiane|Vientiane]] declares war on [[Thailand|Siam]] and successfully attacks [[Nakhon Ratchasima]].
* [[1828]] Siamese-Lao War: The [[Thai people|Siamese]] invade and sack the city of [[Vientiane]].
* [[November 12]], 1828: Anouvong is deposed and his kingdom is annexed by Siam. Large forced population transfers are made from Laos to the more securely held area of [[Isan]], and the Lao mueang is divided into smaller units to prevent another uprising.

==== Burma ====
{{Main|Konbaung dynasty}}
* 1824–1826: The [[First Anglo-Burmese War]] ended in a British victory, and by the [[Treaty of Yandaboo|Treaty of Yandabo]], Burma lost territory previously conquered in Assam, Manipur, and Arakan.<ref name=app>{{cite book | title=History of Burma | author=Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur P. Phayre | year=1967 | pages=236–247 | edition=Second | publisher=Susil Gupta | location=London}}</ref> The British also took possession of Tenasserim with the intention to use it as a bargaining chip in future negotiations with either Burma or Siam.<ref name="Hall">{{cite book|url=http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/Burma/bur_history.pdf |author=D. G. E. Hall |year=1960 |title=Burma |publisher=Hutchinson University Library |pages=109–113 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050519230755/http://mission.itu.ch/MISSIONS/Myanmar/Burma/bur_history.pdf |archive-date=2005-05-19 }}</ref>

==== Siam (Thailand) ====
{{Main|Rattanakosin Kingdom}}
* 1824–1826 - [[Rattanakosin Kingdom]] (Siam): [[Buddha Loetla Nabhalai|Rama II]] died in 1824 and was peacefully succeeded by his son [[Jessadabodindra]] (Rama III). In 1825 the British sent another mission to Bangkok led by [[East India Company]] emissary [[Henry Burney]]. They had by now annexed southern Burma and were thus Siam's neighbours to the west, and they were also extending their control over [[British Malaya|Malaya]]. The King was reluctant to give in to British demands, but his advisors warned him that Siam would meet the same fate as Burma unless the British were accommodated. In 1826, therefore, Siam concluded its first commercial treaty with a western power, the [[Burney Treaty]]. Under the treaty, Siam agreed to establish a uniform taxation system, to reduce taxes on foreign trade and to abolish some of the royal monopolies. As a result, Siam's trade increased rapidly, many more foreigners settled in Bangkok, and western cultural influences began to spread. The kingdom became wealthier and its army better armed.