Editing 1557 (section)

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Novgorod (1557)|Treaty of Novgorod]] between Sweden and Russia is put into effect as delegates kiss the cross, as demanded by the Tsar Ivan IV.<ref name=Heininen/>
* [[April 12]] &ndash; The [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] settlement of [[Cuenca, Ecuador]], is founded.<ref>{{cite book |title=Revista católica de la Diócesis de Cuenca (Ecuador). |date=1920 |publisher=Imprenta del Clero |page=472 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1D4sAQAAMAAJ&dq=Cuenca+espa%C3%B1ola+%2212+de+abril+de+1557%22&pg=PA472 |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
* [[April 25]] &ndash; English aristocrat [[Thomas Stafford (rebel)|Thomas Stafford]] attempts a rebellion against [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]], landing at [[Scarborough, North Yorkshire]] with two ships and 32 followers after crossing the English Channel from [[Dieppe]] in [[France]]. Upon landing, he captures Scarborough Castle and proclaims himself "Protector of the Realm".<ref name="odnb">[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/26215/ Thomas Stafford], Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed 17 January 2010</ref>
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland]], arrives in Scarborough and ends the Stafford rebellion, arresting Stafford and the small rebel force.<ref name="odnb"/> 
* [[April 30]] &ndash; [[Arauco War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Mataquito]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] forces of Governor [[Francisco de Villagra]] launch a dawn surprise attack against the [[Mapuche]] (headed by their [[toqui]] [[Lautaro]]), in present-day [[Chile]].
* [[May 4]] &ndash; The [[Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers|Stationers' Company]], officially the   Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, is granted a royal charter and a monopoly on the English publishing industry.<ref>{{Citation |publisher = C. Knight & Co. |location = London |title = London |editor-first = Charles |editor-last=Knight |editor-link=Charles Knight (publisher) |date = 1844 |volume=6 |chapter=Stationers' Company |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/londonkn06kniguoft#page/208/mode/2up }}</ref> For the next 150 years, the Stationers will regulate and censor the printing industry until the passage of the [[Statute of Anne|Copyright Act 1710]] on April 10, 1710. 
* [[May 23]] &ndash; The [[Shwezigon Pagoda Bell]], weighing {{convert|7560|lb}}, is dedicated. The Bell, commissioned by King Bayinnaung and located in the Myanmar city of [[Bagan]], bears a detailed inscription of the 16th century Burmese conquest of the Shan States.
* [[May 28]] &ndash; English rebel Thomas Stafford and 32 of his followers are beheaded at the [[Tower of London]] after being convicted of treason.<ref name="odnb"/>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; King Philip II of Spain signs a treaty in London with Iacopo VI being restored to rule of the Principality of Piombino a bargain with Cosimo I de' Medici.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Carrara|first=Mauro|title=Signori e Principi di Piombino|publisher=Bandecchi & Vivaldi|year=1996|pages=22–23|language=it}}</ref><ref>[http://censoarchivos.mcu.es/CensoGuia/fondoDetail.htm?archivoId=9&id=1402232&eventDescendiente=descendienteDetail Tratado de Londres (1557)]</ref> 
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[Mary I of England]] joins her husband [[Philip II of Spain]], in his war against [[Kingdom of France|France]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Garrisson |first1=Janine |title=A History of Sixteenth Century France, 1483-1598: Renaissance, Reformation and Rebellion |date=14 June 1995 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-349-24020-3 |page=167 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5FKEAAAQBAJ&dq=mary+philip+france+%227+june+1557%22&pg=PA167 |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 10]] &ndash; The [[New Testament]] of the [[Geneva Bible]], a [[Protestant]] [[Bible translations into English|Bible translation into English]] (produced under the supervision of [[William Whittingham]], and printed in [[Roman type]]), is published in [[Geneva]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Dictionary of National Biography|date=1922 |publisher=H. Milford |page=151 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oiEuBHV9bgcC&dq=roman+geneva+bible+new+testament+William+Whittingham+%2210+june+1557%22&pg=PA151 |access-date=15 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[June 16]] [[Sebastian, King of Portugal|Sebastião I]] is crowned as the new [[King of Portugal]], five days after the death of his father, [[John III of Portugal|King João III]]. 
* [[June 18]] &ndash; [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|Mass executions by burning at the stake]] resume in England for Protestants convicted of [[heresy]] under the law of England's Catholic ruler, [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary]]. On the first day, four women and three men are put to death at [[Maidstone]] at [[Kent]]. The next day, at [[Canterbury]], [[Canterbury Martyrs|another seven prisoners are burned]]. On June 22, [[Lewes Martyrs|ten more people]] (six men and four women) burn at the stake at [[Lewes]] at [[Sussex]]. In all, 24 people (12 men and 12 women) are killed in a five-day period<ref name=Foxe>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140203103644/http://www.johnfoxe.org/freeman-marion.pdf "Foxe’s Marian Martyrs"], by Thomas S. Freeman, JohnFoxe.org</ref>
* By [[June]] &ndash; The [[1557 influenza pandemic]], probably originating in China, spreads to Europe.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Morens |first1=David M. |last2=Taubenberger |first2=Jeffery K. |title=Pandemic influenza: certain uncertainties |journal=Reviews in Medical Virology |date=June 2011 |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=262–284 |doi=10.1002/rmv.689 |pmid=21706672 |pmc=3246071 |language=en}}</ref>